Circulation – Bill Nye the Science Guy
1. Your heart is about as big as your _______________________________________________
2. How many drums of blood does a heart pump each day? ______________________________
3. Why does your foot fall asleep when it’s in a weird position for a long time? ______________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. What are two kinds of blood cells in your body? _____________________________________
5. What is the function of white blood cells? __________________________________________
6. Your body makes _________________________ blood cells every day.
7. White blood cells live for _________________________________________
8. Red blood cells live for ___________________________________________
9.Capillaries are so small, they have a unique way of traveling. It is _______________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
10. What is Bill’s blood pressure? ____________________________________________________
11.How long does it take blood to make a complete trip around your body when you’re watching TV?
_____________________________ How about when you’re exercising? ____________________
12. Where do arteries take your blood? __________________________________________________
13. Where do veins take your blood? ____________________________________________________
14.What does blood do for your muscles? ________________________________________________
15. How does a flight suit (G suit) keep your blood circulating? _______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
16. DID YOU KNOW??? Blood cells are made in ____________________________. During your
lifetime your heart will beat __________________ times.
17. What color is the girl’s headband? __________________________________________________
18. The song tells us you blood stream runs through your ___________________________________.
19. What is Bill wearing in the final scene? ______________________________________________
The Circulatory System
1
1) View the introduction video of the circulatory system and take the quiz
2) View the video in Activity 6D to help you fill in the blanks below.
____________________ is an anatomical model.
Keith’s ________________ is his cardiac muscle.
The ______________ ______________ + ______________= cardiovascular
The heart’s job is to _________________________________________________
How many chambers does the heart have ______________?
The right side of the heart collects
____________________(oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood in the right
____________and pumps blood using the _____________ out the pulmonary artery
where it goes to the _______________ to receive _______________.
The left side of the heart receives _________________ (oxygenated/deoxygenated)
blood from the left ______________________ which moves it to the left
_________________ and is then pumped out the ______________.
There are three blood vessels
1) ______________ carry blood away from the _____________ at _________
pressure.
2) ______________ are very ________________ and allow oxygen and nutrients
to reach body cells.
3) ______________ carry blood toward the ______________ and have valves so
_____________________________.
Class note:
The purpose of the circulatory system in any organism is to _____________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
The circulatory system is made of _____ parts:
1) Heart –
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) ________________ – thick walled blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood to
away to the cells of the body
2
3) Veins_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) ______________ – very thin walled blood vessels that allow cells to get oxygen
and nutrients and give up waste.
5) Blood _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________
3
4
5
6
7
8
Activity 6A – Review the circulatory system by completing the on-line crossword.
Show your teacher when you are done. _______
What is Blood?
Activity 6B – View the video and answer the questions below:
What is blood ? It is a mixture of __________________ floating in a yellowish liquid
called _____________________.
_________________ is made mostly of _______________ but it also contains
_____________, proteins, and ____________.
There are three different types of blood cells
1. ___________________________ or erythrocytes
2. ___________________________ or leukocytes
3. ___________________________ or thrombocytes
Description
Cell type
1 Defend the body against infection
Red
2 Shaped like a doughnut
white
3 Small pieces of cell material
platelet
4 Are red in colour
5 Plug up holes
6 Fight viruses
7 Carry oxygen to the cells of the body
8 Eat invading germs
9 Remove carbon dioxide waste
10 Clot holes but break down after 24 hrs
11 Made in the bone marrow
Make a drawing to show what each looks like by using the computer to find a picture.
A)
9
erythrocytes or
_________________
B) leukocytes or
_________________
C) thrombocytes or
________________
10
11
12
13
14
Donating Blood
Can anyone use your blood? Watch the video in Activity# 6C (up to the 4 ½ minutes)
on the wiki and answer the questions below.
A transfusion is
____________________________________________________________________.
1. What are blood types? They are based on the type of __________________ on the
surface of our _____________________________.
2. What are the different blood types in the ABO system? Use the diagrams to help
you draw the different antibody types.
3. These types of bloods are important when we move blood from
______________________ to ______________________ because of our immune
response.
4. Antibodies are part of our immune system and they are used to fight against
diseases. We have antibodies that fight against all kinds of proteins except
___________________________________________. Why?
5. What type of antibody would people with each of the following blood types make?
15
Blood type
Antibody (protein)
1
2
3
4
6. If a person were in an accident or needed an operation, they would likely need a
blood transfusion. Who could receive blood without being killed by the transfusion?
A person with Blood
type
Could receive blood from a
person with type:
1
2
3
4
At about 4:30 min, You are now done viewing this video as it goes on about the
genetics of blood typing (we don't need this info).
Answer the following questions:
1. Which blood type is called the universal donor?
________________________________
2. Which blood type is able to receive blood from everyone else?
________________________________
3. What type of antibodies (attackers) does type A blood make?
________________________________
4. What type of antibodies does type O blood make?
__________________________________________
16
The Heart
Your heart is _______________________________________________ in your body
It is hard wired to your _____________________________ so you do not have to
__________________ to keep it beating.
Like all other muscles it must be fed _________________ and _______________ to
keep working. These are delivered to the heart through the
____________________________. If these arteries get ______________ over time,
this can cause a _________________________.
Bill Nye: “Heart” Video Listening Guide
1.
Your heart is a __________________ that is about as big as your ____________________.
2.
Your heart has _____________ sides and it has _____________ chambers.
3.
____________________ are structures that keep the blood flowing in one direction.
4.
The normal heart beats between ___________________ beats per minute.
5.
Exercise makes your heart beat faster because the muscles need more
_________________________.
6.
In the right side of your heart wall is a patch of nerves called the ______________________ that
sends
electrical signals to your heart.
7.
The muscles in your arms and legs have ______________________ that look like stripes.
8.
Heart muscle looks like a combination of ___________________ and ____________________
muscle.
9.
You can make your heart muscle stronger by ____________________________.
17
10. When you cut a blood vessel, your body forms a __________________ to prevent blood from
leaking out.
11. How is the blood pumped in the body during heart surgery?
_____________________________________
12. When you stand up quickly you sometimes feel “light-headed” because:
13. The kind of fat that is bad for you is __________________________ because it can clog your
arteries.
18
Use Activity 6E on the wiki to help you label the parts of the heart on the following
diagram.
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Blood Pressure
Go to activity 6G on the wiki
Read the graph on blood pressure to answer the following questions.
Blood pressure readings are written as fractions of systolic/diastolic
1. Is a blood pressure of 130/60 ideal or pre-high blood pressure?
______________________________
2. Is a reading of 80/50 good? Explain ___________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. What classification would you be given for each of the following blood pressure
readings?
A) 160/80 _________________
B) 80/50 __________________
C) 90/95 __________________
D) 110/70 _________________
4. What is the highest systolic pressure a person can have before they are in the high
blood pressure category? _______________________
5. What is the lowest diastolic pressure a person can have before they are in the low
blood pressure category? __________________________
6. What is you classification (go to Shoppers/Sobeys and get you blood pressure read)
27
Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.
veins
transport
circulatory
arteries
oxygen
lungs
nutrients
energy
carbon dioxide
capillaries
dark
bright
away
heat
to
blood
heart
pumped
intestine
atmosphere
All animals need to ________________ materials around to the
different parts of their body. This is the job of the ________________
system. The circulatory system consists of a liquid called
_______________, a pump called the ________________ and a series
of vessels called _________________ and ________________.
One thing that must be transported around is a gas called
_____________. Oxygen enters the blood through the
______________. It is then ____________ through the heart and
around the body where it is used along with food to make
______________. The body produces another gas called
_______________, which is a waste product. This gas is carried back to
the heart and then to the lungs where it is released back into the
_______________.
The vessels that transport blood _________ from the heart are called
arteries. The blood in arteries is _____________ red because it is rich
in oxygen. The vessels that transport blood _______________ the
heart are called veins. The blood in veins is ______________ red
because it is low in oxygen. ________________ are small vessels that
join the arteries and veins.
_______________ from food are also transported around the body by
the circulatory system. They enter the blood from the small
_________________. The circulatory system also helps to regulate
temperature by transporting _________________ around the body.
28
Bill Nye: Introduction to Respiration
1) In your upper body there is a strong muscle called the
________________________.
2) When you inhale, your diaphragm goes ___________________.
3) _____________________ is the same material that makes candles burn and
iron rust.
4) We combine the oxygen with our __________________ to get the energy we
need to live.
5) Your ____________________ are full of tiny little passageways like sponges.
6) These __________________ ______________________ allow you to take it
the oxygen.
7) Your lungs have as much surface area as a ___________________
________________.
8) ___________________ _________________ is how spread out something is.
9) Your lungs have little passages, little ________________________ called
alveoli.
10)
Your _______________ lung is bigger than your _____________
________________.
11)
Your right lung is divided into ______ parts, and your left lung is divided
into _____ parts.
12)
Cellular ______________________ occurs when our cells combine
chemicals and food with oxygen to store energy called ATP.
13) Your body uses _________ as a sort of _____________________
_______________.
The Respiratory System
29
The purpose of the respiratory system is to exchange used air from inside the body
with fresh air from outside the body.
Used air contains large amounts of carbon dioxide. The chemical formula is ________.
Fresh air contains large amount of oxygen. The chemical formula is ___________.
Every cell in the body must undergo _____________________ which is the
__________________________________ in the presence of __________________to
produce _________________________________________.
_________________+ _______________----> _______________ + ___________
How does the respiratory system work?
Use activity #7 on the wiki to fill in the blanks below
Help Emma to breath!
1. Click on the nose: The purpose of the nose is to do three things.
The nose ____________air to remove ___________________.
It _______________ the air up and lastly it gives us our sense of _________.
2. The _______________ is a muscular tube that carries ______________ to the
__________________ and __________________ to the ________________.
3. The _________________________ is a _____________ shaped flap at the top of
the l________________ that covers the top of the voice box so we do not get food into
the windpipe.
4. The Larynx is also called the __________________. It sits on top of the
__________________ (trachea) and has a thick cartilage backbone called the
___________________ _______________.
5.The _________________ or windpipe takes in ____________________ and
delivers it to the _____________. It is held open by rings of ________________.
30
6. Two smaller tubes break off the trachea. These are called ________________.
These tubes break up into smaller ___________________ tubes because they look
like tree ________________. They deliver ________________ to the bottom of the
_______________________.
7. There are grape-like sacs at the end of the bronchial tubes. These sacs are called
____________________________. Their walls are ______________, allowing
___________________ from inhaled air to pass into the blood vessels where it is
picked up by _______ _____________ __________.
Alveoli also allows _____________ to pass through the thin walls and leave the lungs
when you _____________________.
Use activity 7B to assist you in labeling the diagram below.
Note on Organs of The Respiratory System
31
Structure
Description
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
What is the pathway out of the body for a carbon dioxide molecule that must be
breathed out? List the structures in order of which the molecule must past through
from beginning to end.
___________________--> _____________________--> _____________________-->
___________________--> _____________________--> _____________________
___________________.
How Much Hot Air Do You Hold?
32
Let's test your lung capacity – the amount of air you lungs can hold.
Purpose: To compare the lung capacity of males and females.
Hypothesis: __________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Materials:
rubber tubbing
alcohol
water jug
Procedure:
1) Measure out 100 mL of water and pour it into an empty water jug. Use a marker
to mark the water level.
2) Measure out another 100 mL of water and again pour it into the jug. Mark the
new water level as 200. Create a scale on the water jug by continuing this
process until it is full.
3) Fill a sink ½ full with water and turn the jug upside down into the sink without
spilling the water.
4) Place a rubber hose into the opened mouth of the jug.
5) Get a sterile piece of tubing from your teacher and attach it to the end of the
rubber hose.
6) Take a deep breath and blow into the tube to see how much water you can blow
out.
7) Read the level from the scale and record in your data chart.
8) Repeat for each member of the group making sure they each get their own
sterile tubing.
Observations table:
Name of Girl
Volume of water (L)
Average volume of water _______________
Name of Boy
33
Volume of water (L)
Average volume of water _______________
1. Create a bar graph of your average results.
2. Which group had the largest lung capacity? Provide your evidence.
__________________________________________________________________
3. What other comparisons could you make with lung capacity besides males vs
females?
__________________________________________________________________
34
35
36
37
Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.
air
oxygen
inhale
lungs
trachea
respiratory
carbon dioxide
yawn
bronchi
hiccup
diaphragm
water vapor
mouth
sneeze
blood
38
exhale
cough
pharynx
nose
All animals need ________________ to make energy from food. We get
this oxygen from the _____________ that we breathe. In order to get
the oxygen into the blood where it can be transported to the rest of the
body, the air travels through a system of organs called the
_______________ system.
When you ________________, air enters the body through the
_______________ or the ____________. From there it passes through
the ______________, which forces air into the _______________ and
food into the esophagus. The air travels down the trachea into two
branching tubes called ________________ and then on into the
________________.
In the lungs oxygen from the air enters the _______________. At the
same time, the waste gas ____________________ leaves the blood and
then leaves the body when you ___________________. Some
__________________ also leaves the body when you exhale, which is
why mirrors get foggy when you breathe on them. The ______________
is the muscle that controls the lungs.
It is important to keep the respiratory system clear so oxygen can keep
flowing into your body. If something gets in your nose and irritates it, you
___________________. If something gets in your trachea or bronchi
and irritates it, you _________________. If something irritates your
diaphragm, you _________________. Finally, if the brain thinks you are
not getting enough oxygen, then it forces you to _________________.
Research and presentation Assignment
Choose a disease/illness from below:
Sickle cell anemia, high blood pressure, heart attack, ulcer, irritable bowel
syndrome, Crohn's disease, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) , diverticulitis,
lactose intolerance, atherosclerosis
1. Describe the symptoms of the disease (how would a person know they had
this sickness?)
39
2. Describe what has gone wrong with the body as a result of this disease.
What would the body normally be doing and what is the disease causing it
to do instead?
3. What organs does this disease affect? You must have a diagram that
labels every organ affected.
4. Can the disease kill you?
5. What is the treatment for the disease?
Dissection of the Rat
Rats belong to the class Mammalia. Rats are among the most commonly studied organisms in
biology. Although many differences exist between humans and rats, the basic body plans are
similar. Humans and rats both belong to the class Mammalia. By studying the anatomy of the rat,
you will be better able to understand your own body.
The outside of the rat:
40
Look at your rat and observe the general characteristics.
1. The rat's body is divided into six regions: Find each on your rat and stick a
labeled pin at each location. Your teacher will check your accuracy.
1) head
2) neck
3) pectoral region - area where front legs attach
4) thoracic region - chest area
5) abdomen - belly
6) pelvic region - area where the back legs attach
7) also label the following with pins
i) the vibrissae (sensory hairs or whiskers) located on the rat's face.
ii) The incisors
iii) The nictitating membrane found at the
inside corner of the eye. This membrane can be drawn across the eye for
protection.
iv) The pinna (ear flaps)
v) Nares - Paired openings leading into the nose; the nostrils.
vi) The anus
Your Mark _______
12
2. Place all of the above labels on the
diagram below as well.
1. How many digits do the forepaws have?
_____
2. How many digits do the hind paws have?
_____
3. Is your rat a male or female? (Females
will have 3 sets of nipples for feeding young
offspring.) Males will not.
Internal Rat Investigation
1. You must now cut the rat open. Use
scissors and gently poke the lower edge
through the skin and muscle of the rat near its mouth. Make cut # 1 (the long cut,
41
as seen in the diagram from head to tail).
Keep the cut shallow by pulling up on the
bottom edge. This will prevent hurting the
organs below.
2. Make three cuts perpendicular to the first.
Cut # 2 from ear to ear
Cut #3 below the arms
Cut #4 at the back legs
3. Pull back the skin between cuts 3 and 4
as if you were opening a book.
Draw what the muscles look like in the
space below:
4. Examine the rats tongue. Describe the
surface of it.
_____________________________________________________________
5. Open up the thoracic cavity (upper chest). Using a probe, stick it into the
mouth until you can see it in the esophagus.
Label the esophagus
6. Find and label the liver.
How many sections does the liver have?__________.
7. Trace the esophagus until it reaches the stomach. Cut the stomach open
lengthwise and open it up. Clean out anything in it. What food might it have
been?
________________________________________________________________
42
____Look at the intestine walls. Describe what you see.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________
What happens in the stomach?
___________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
____
Label the stomach.
8. Gently tease apart the small intestine. Using a ruler measure its length in
centimeters. How long is it? _________________.
Make a lengthwise cut along a section of the small intestine so you can look
inside. Describe what the inside wall looks like.
________________________________________________________________
____
Label the small intestine
9. Measure the length of the large intestine. How long is it? ______________
There are two sections to the colon. The ascending (goes up), transverse (goes
across), the descending part is the rectum.
Label these three on the rat
10. Find and label the pancrease.
Your teacher will come around and mark your dissection and labels up to this
point
Your mark = __________
13
Respiratory systems
The heart is in the thoracic cavity under cuts #2-#3. You will need to open these
up like a book and pin them back.
1. Look for the tube that has cartilage rings connected to the back of the mouth. This is
the Trachea – Label it on your rat.
Why does the trachea have rings?
_____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
___
43
2. The Larynx – is the voice box at the top of the trachea; it contains the vocal cord.
Label this on the rat. How is sound made?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________
3. Follow the trachea down to where it branches into two smaller tubes. Each one is a
Bronchus – Do these still have cartilage? ____________________________
Label the bronchus.
4. Each bronchus leads to a Lung - spongy structures located in the thoracic cavity. The
right lung consists of ________ (how many lobes or sections?), whereas the left has
______ lobes.
Label the lung on your rat.
5. The Diaphragm - A thin muscular sheet, seen earlier, that separates the abdominal
and thoracic cavities. It draws air into the lungs.
Label the diaphragm.
The Circulatory System
The Pericardium -is a tough membrane that forms a sac around the heart. You must
gently cut through it to get to the heart. Pull up with the tweezers and cut with the
scissors
1. The right and left Atria - are visible as dark flaps on top of the heart. Label them
What is the purpose of the atrium? ________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. Ventricles – Cut open the bottom of the heart. How many chambers are present?
_____ What is the purpose of the ventricles?
_________________________________________.
______________________________________________________________________
__
Label the ventricle.
3. Coronary vessels - Arteries and veins supplying the heart are visible on its surface.
Label the coronary vessels.
Your teacher will mark your dissection of the Respiratory and Circulatory system.
Your mark = __________
9
44
45
46