Chapter 7
Cellular Respiration
REACTANTS
C6H12O6 + 6 O2
PRODUCTS
6 CO2 + 6 H2O
Energy (ATP)
 Oxidation Reactions – Can release energy (think combustion)
 We’ve got to control the energy release and capture it. That means we
can’t release all the energy at once. We have to do it in steps.
 Also, think about how warm we are. We’re pretty warm. A lot of the
energy released from our food goes towards heating us up.
Show them the video of the
gummy bear Mr. S.
Anaerobic vs. Aerobic
Oxygen is the key…but what’s the
difference?
OK…Now What?
If you have oxygen, aerobic respiration can occur.
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H20
A lot of Energy
(ATP)
OK…Now What?
If you don’t have enough oxygen, aerobic
respiration can’t occur, but fermentation
can.
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H20
Anaerobic vs. Aerobic
Oxygen is the key to making large amounts
of energy…can you see the difference?
Evolution and Gylcolysis
A long time ago…
?????
(Stored ATP)
(Lactic Acid Fermentation)
Gylcolysis
It’s the first thing that happens
and it happens in the cytosol.
Gylcolysis
What goes in? What comes out?
Glucose is oxidized (loses electrons) to produce two
3-carbon containing molecules called PYRUVIC ACID.
This takes 2 ATP but makes 4 ATP. Also, 2 molecules
of NAD+ are converted to NADH (accepts high energy
electrons) so that the process can continue.
Gylcolysis
What goes in?
Glucose
2 ATP
2 NAD+
4 ADP
What comes out?
2 Pyruvic Acids
2 ADP
2 NADH
4 ATP
Net 2 ATP
Fermentation
o Uses pyruvic acid to regenerate NAD+ and
produce small amounts of ATP
o Occurs in the cytosol
oEnzymes that perform this process differ
meaning products made by different organisms
vary.
Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvic acid
converted to
another 3-carbon
compound called
LACTIC ACID. NADH
is also oxidized to
form NAD+ for use
in Glycolysis
Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
A CO2 is removed
from pyruvic acid
converting it into a
2-carbon compound
called ETHYL
ALCOHOL. NADH is
also oxidized to
form NAD+ for use
in Glycolysis
Efficiency of Glycolysis
686 kilocalories = Energy released from oxidation of 1 mole of Glucose
7 kilocalories = Energy needed to make an ADP into an ATP
Glycolysis yields a net of 2 ATP
2 X 7 kcal
------------- X 100% = 2%
686 kcal
OK…Now What?
If you have oxygen, cellular respiration can occur. Remember?
Aerobic Respiration
This follows glycolysis when O2 is available.
It occurs in two steps.
1. The Krebs Cycle
2. The Electron Transport
Chain (Chemiosmosis)
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Krebs Cycle
What goes in?
What comes out?
Pyruvic Acid (Acetyl CoA)
3 NAD+
1 ADP
1 FAD
3 NADH
1 ATP
1 FADH2
Aerobic Respiration
Electron Transport Chain
ATP Synthase
Aerobic Respiration
Electron Transport Chain
What goes in?
What comes out?
NADH
FADH2
ADP
O2
NAD +
FAD
ATP
H2O
Aerobic Respiration
Electron Transport Chain
http://www.dnatube.com/video/104/ATP-synthase-structure-and-mechanism
http://multimedia.mcb.harvard.edu/media.html
Efficiency of Aerobic Respiration
686 kilocalories = Energy released from oxidation of 1 mole of Glucose
7 kilocalories = Energy needed to make an ADP into an ATP
Cellular Respiration yields a total of up to 38 ATP
38 X 7 kcal
------------- X 100% = 39%
686 kcal
Compare…How efficient do you think a car engine is?
25%
(Stored ATP)
(Lactic Acid Fermentation)
With or Without OXYGEN…
Here’s What Happens:
Oxygen
is the
Key
Summing it all up…
Glucose
taken in
(EAT)
Fermentation
(Anaerobic process)
Small amounts
of ATP
Oxygen
available
(BREATH)
Glycolysis
(Anaerobic process)
Krebs Cycle
E.T.C.
(Aerobic Respiration) Loads of ATP
Summing it all up…
The equation that summarizes the complete
oxidation of one glucose molecule:
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H20
Energy
(up to 38ATP)
How do animals get oxygen to their
cells?
A circulatory & respiratory system
Let’s look at all of the vertebrate
groups. Can you name them all?
Oxygen Uptake
Oxygen Uptake
Circulation
Ectotherm vs. Endotherm
Chapter 7
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + O2
CO2 + H2O
 Oxidation Reactions – Can release energy (think combustion)
 We’ve got to control the energy release and capture it. That means we
can’t release all the energy at once. We have to do it in steps.
 Also, think about how warm we are. We’re pretty warm. A lot of the
energy released from our food goes towards heating us up.
Anaerobic vs. Aerobic
OK…Now What?
If you have oxygen, aerobic respiration can occur.
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H20
OK…Now What?
If you don’t have enough oxygen, aerobic
respiration can’t occur, but fermentation
can.
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H20
Anaerobic vs. Aerobic
Oxygen is the key to making large amounts
of energy…can you see the difference?
(Stored ATP)
(Lactic Acid Fermentation)
Gylcolysis
Gylcolysis
What goes in? What comes out?
Gylcolysis
What goes in?
Glucose
2 ATP
2 NAD+
4 ADP
What comes out?
Fermentation
o Uses _________to regenerate NAD+ and
produce small amounts of ATP
o Occurs in the ________
oEnzymes that perform this process and some of
the products differ among different organisms.
Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
Efficiency of Glycolysis
686 kilocalories = Energy released from oxidation of 1 mole of Glucose
7 kilocalories = Energy needed to make an ADP into an ATP
Glycolysis yields a net of 2 ATP
OK…Now What?
If you have oxygen,_________________
Aerobic Respiration
This follows glycolysis when O2 is available.
It occurs in two steps.
1.
2.
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Krebs Cycle
What goes in?
Pyruvic Acid (Acetyl CoA)
3 NAD+
1 ADP
1 FAD
What comes out?
Aerobic Respiration
Electron Transport Chain
Aerobic Respiration
Electron Transport Chain
What goes in?
NADH
FADH2
ADP
O2
What comes out?
Efficiency of Aerobic Respiration
686 kilocalories = Energy released from oxidation of 1 mole of Glucose
7 kilocalories = Energy needed to make an ADP into an ATP
Cellular Respiration yields a total of up to 38 ATP
Compare…How efficient do you think a car engine is?
With or Without OXYGEN…
Here’s What Happens:
Summing it all up…
Summing it all up…
The equation that summarizes the complete
oxidation of one glucose molecule: