Unit 4
Europe
Physical
notes
Vocabulary
1. Avalanche
2. Chaparral
3. City – State
4. Cold War
5. Collective Farms
6. Communism
7. Consumer Goods
8. Feudalism
9. Fjord
10. Heavy Industry
11. Holocaust
12. Light Industry
13. Mixed Farming
14. Peat
15. Permafrost
16. Polder
17. Reformation
18. Refugee
19. Renaissance
20. State Farm
21. Tariff
22. Welfare State
Western
•
•
•
½ the size of the United States
Called the “Peninsulas of Peninsulas”
5 Peninsulas
1. Scandinavian
4. Italian
2. Iberian
5. Balkan
3. Jutland
3 Physical Regions
1. North - (Low rounded mountains)
2. Central - (Plains)
3. South - (High rugged mountains)
Norden (“North Lands”)
Norway
Sweden
Finland
Denmark
Iceland
Central
Germany
France
Switzerland
Austria
Liechtenstein
Benelux
Benelux
Belgium
Netherlands
Luxembourg
Mediterranean
Spain
Portugal
Italy
Greece
Micro - States
Eastern Europe
4 Physical Regions
1. North European Plain = mostly Poland
2. Carpathian Mountains
3. Hungarian Basin = Home of Danube R.
4. Balkan Peninsula = (8 countries) mostly
valleys & mountains that hinder invasion
& unity.
North European Plain
Carpathian Mountains
Balkan Peninsula
Danube River
Thames
Major Rivers
•
•
•
•
•
•
Seine – France (Paris)
Thames – UK (London)
Tiber – Italy (Rome)
Rhine – Germany
Danube – East Europe
Po – Northern Italy
Rhine
Tiber
Po
Seine
Danube
Major Mountain Ranges
Pyrenees – France, Spain, Andorra
Alps – Sw. Ger. Fr. Aus. It.
Apennine - Italy
Kjolen - Norway
Carpathians – Romania
Balkan – Yug. Bos & Herz., Cro. & Mac.
Pyrenees
Alps
Apennine
Balkan
Carpathian
Kjolen
Europe’s Natural Resources
1.
2.
3.
4.
Coal
“Birthplace of modern Industry”
Iron / Coal
Peat = Burned as Fuel
Other = coal, oil, gas, nuclear, and
hydroelectric power.
Peat
Iron
Climate Types
Most important climate control is proximity to water.
No point is more than 300 miles from water.
3 Kinds of Climate
Marine West Coast
– N. Atlantic Drift: Currents of
ocean bring warm air. Keeps
Europe warmer than other areas
at the same latitude.
Mediterranean
– So. Europe – mild rainy winters,
hot, dry summers
Interior
– Continental – extremely hot
summers and very cold winters.
Unit 4
Europe Culture Notes
•
•
•
•
Population
Densely populated
75% is urban
Most crowded country is
the Netherlands
Lowest growth rate of any
continent
Culture
• Language = Over 50 different ones
• Education = Highly literate (99%)
– Bilingual
• Religion
– Northern Europe = Protestant (any
Christian who is not Catholic)
– Southern Europe = Mostly
Catholic, Jews are 3% of the
population.
• Largest NON Christian group
holocaust
HOLOCAUST
• Nazi extermination of the Jews by
Hitler from about 1935 – 1945.
• Over 6 million Jews killed in
Germany and Poland in
Concentration Camps.
Political Patterns
• All Democracies (people elect their leaders)
• Welfare States, Presidential system,
Parliamentary system, Constitutional Monarchy
COLD WAR
WEST
• Aligned with the United
States
• Democracies or
Capitalist society.
EAST
• Aligned with the U.S.S.R.
(Soviet Union)
• Communist
Neutral Countries
Switzerland
Austria
Finland
Economics
• Home of Industrial
Revolution
– Capital, raw materials,
gov. support, labor,
management skills
• North is more
industrialized than the
South
• Even distribution income
(huge middle class)
socialized
• Agriculture = more
productive
• European Union
Product of European Nations
• 1. Scotland – Scotch Whiskey
• 2. Switzerland – expensive watches,
knives, chocolate
• 3. Liechtenstein – False teeth
• 4. Portugal – cork, sardines
• 5. France – wine, fashion
• 6. Germany – VW, BMW, weapons,
planes
• 7. Greece – olives
• 8. Netherlands – banking, flowers
• 9. England - Textiles
What caused Europe to split into so
many Nations?
1. Peninsulas
2. Mountains
3. Feudal (caste) system of Middle Ages
Political Notes
European Union
E.U. Members
Greece
Netherlands
Spain
Austria
France
Portugal
Italy
Finland
Ireland
Germany
Luxembourg
Belgium
Euro Dollar
• Euro Dollar is the
name of the
currency adopted
by the Union that
can be used as the
common form of
money in any
member country.
Cold war
What is it?
• War of ideas & political power
• Military power & presence was key
• Game of “chicken”, who would back
down 1st
• Nuclear danger: Cuban Missile Crisis
Soviet Satellites
Countries that were communist &
allies of the Soviet Union.
1. East Germany
2. Czechoslovakia
3. Yugoslavia
4. Romania
a) Etc. (Eastern Europe)
The United States
• Led by John F. Kennedy
(1960’s) and Ronald
Reagan (1980’s).
• The U.S. represented the
west and Democracy.
• The only country that
had the military might to
stand up to the power of
the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union
• Led by Nikita Kruschev
(1960’s) and Mikhail
Gorbachev (1980’s).
• Spread of Communism
through military force
and fear.
• Supreme military
machine.