Public Speaking
Foundations
Content based on Lucas’
The Art of Public
Speaking.
The visuals are available
for purchase at
http://www.allposters.com/
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Public Speaking at Park University
Similarities Between Public
Speaking and Conversation
Organizing thoughts logically
 Tailoring the message to the audience
 Telling a story for maximum impact
 Adapting to listener feedback
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Public Speaking at Park University
http://www.allposters.c
om/
Differences Between Public
Speaking and Conversation
Public speaking is more highly
structured
 Public speaking requires more formal
language
 Public speaking requires a different
method of delivery
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Public Speaking at Park University
JFK Speech on Secret
Societies and Freedom of the
Press 5 min
http://www.allposters.com/
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Public Speaking at Park University
Model of The Speech
Communication Process, which
contains the following:
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Speaker (You)
Message (Impromptu or planned speech)
Channel (sound, sight, smell, touch, taste)
Listener (Audience, also you)
Feedback (Nonverbal responses, question
and answer period)
Interference (Distractions that are internal or
external)
Situation (Context, occasion)
Public Speaking at Park University
Frame of reference is
everything in communication!
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How does the sum of a person’s
knowledge, experience, goals, values, and
attitudes affect the role of speaker or
listener?
Why do we need to remember that
everything a speaker says is filtered through
a listener’s frame of reference?
Can two people can have exactly the same
frame of reference?
Public Speaking at Park University
Public Speaking Concepts
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Feedback
The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener
to a speaker.
Interference
Anything that impedes the communication of a
message.
Situation
The time and place in which speech communication
occurs.
Stage Fright
Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of
an audience.
Public Speaking at Park University
What are guidelines to
ensure ethical speaking?
Make sure your goals are ethically sound
 Be fully prepared for each speech
 Be honest in what you say
 Avoid name-calling and other forms of
abusive language
 Put ethical principles into practice
Do you think one side is right and one is
wrong? Based on your experience, do you
disagree with the information in your
textbook or other course materials? What is
the rationale for your position?
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Public Speaking at Park University
Nervousness Is Normal
Your body is responding by
producing extra adrenaline, a
hormone released into the
bloodstream in response to
physical or mental stress.
Positive Nervousness
 Controlled nervousness that
helps energize a speaker for her
or his presentation.
Visualization
 Mental imaging in which a
speaker vividly pictures himself
or herself giving a successful
presentation.
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http://www.allposters.com/
Public Speaking at Park University
5-minute Talk or Write
How can you reducing speech
anxiety?
Acquire speaking experience
 Prepare, prepare, prepare
 Think positively
 Use the power of visualization
 Know that most nervousness is not
visible
 Don’t expect perfection
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Public Speaking at Park University
Critical Thinking
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Focused, organized
thinking about such things
as the logical relationships
among ideas, the
soundness of evidence,
and the differences
between fact and opinion.
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Why are these concepts
important in public speaking?
Ethnocentrism
 The belief that one’s own group
or culture is superior to all other
groups or cultures.
Ethics
 The branch of philosophy that deals
with issues of right and wrong in
human affairs.
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5 Minute Talk or Write:
Ethical Decisions
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How can you weigh a
potential course of
action against a set of
ethical standards or
guidelines?
Public Speaking at Park University
Unethical: Name-Calling
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The use of language to defame,
demean, or degrade individuals
or groups.
Speech at the White House
Correspondent's Dinner (2006) p1
 8 min
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Public Speaking at Park University
Unethical:
Plagiarism is presenting another
person’s language or ideas as one’s
own.
 Cite all sources quoted.
 Cite all sources paraphrased.
 Family Guy Steals From Simpsons (
Part 1 of 2 )
 4 min 
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Unethical Public Speaking
Stealing a speech entirely from a
single source and passing it off as
one’s own.
 Stealing ideas or language from two
or three sources and passing them off
as one’s own.
 Failing to give credit for particular
parts of a speech that are borrowed
from other people.
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Public Speaking at Park University
Plagiarism and the Internet
Cite sources when
using Internet
materials
 Take careful
research notes
 Use high quality
sources, such as
those from the
government or
educational institution
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Guidelines for Ethical
Listening
Be courteous and attentive
 Avoid prejudging the speaker
 Maintain the free and open expression
of ideas
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End
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Public Speaking at Park University
Why Practice Public
Speaking?
To learn to manage your
nervousness.
 To improve your skills.
 To broaden your experiences.
 To improve your ability to think on
your feet.
 To increase your flexibility and
adaptation to the audience.
 Research says public speaking
20 practice of all kinds WORKS!
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Public Speaking at Park University
Radio Speech
Write a statement in which you
strongly believe. Pretend you are
calling in to a radio talk show and
make your statement. Either the
teacher or a student can role-play the
talk show announcer.
 Make sure you have a clear voice to
convey your message.
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Public Speaking at Park University