Sexually Transmitted Diseases! Why are STD’s an epidemic? 1. Many of the STD’s have NO symptoms! 2. Transmission can occur without symptoms! 3. People will lie! WE WILL DISCUSS: • Frequency: how many each year, total # • Cause: virus, bacteria etc. • Symptoms: signs • Treatment: medications, cure • Consequences: what are the results? THE FOLLOWING SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES ARE CAUSED BY BACTERIAS! GONORRHEA • • • • • Dated back to the Greek writings Caused by a bacteria Peak age is 15-25 300,000 reported cases 700,000 suspected cases Gonorrhea • Detected by swab or cultures (in urethra) • 50% of carriers have no symptoms • Nick names: clap or drip • Gonorrhea can also be found in the throat (oral sex) and rectal area. SYMPTOMS: Men: burning, discharge, swelling • Drips form penis WOMEN: burning, discharge, bleeding, pain • Discharge is greenish, yellow, foul smelling • Gonorrhea is a bacteria that can grow and multiply easily in the warm moist areas of the reproductive tract including the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes of women, and the urethra in women and men. Gonorrhea bacteria can grow in mouth, throat, eyes, and anus. • Treatment: antibiotics, oral, injectable, resistant cases (high rate) Consequences: • • • • • • • Chronic pain PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) Infertility Ectopic pregnancy (fallopian tube) Joint infections Easier HIV transmission Newborns: blindness, joint infection GEORGIA RANKS #5 IN GONORRHEA IN WOMEN! CHLAMYDIA Frequency • Not reported until 1964 and climbed from 7,000 to 700,000 infected • 3,000,000 new cases each year • #1 bacterial STD in teens! • Most common STD caused by bacteria! FYI • The population in the US consists of an estimated 4 million individuals per age group. • 5 year olds 4 million • 6 year olds 4 million • 7 year olds 4 million SYMPTOMS: • Burning, thin discharge • 80% of males and females have no symptoms!!!! ASYMPTOMATIC: NO SIGNS OF THE DISEASE TREATMENT: • Oral antibiotics Consequences WOMEN: – PID if untreated – Infertility – Ectopic pregnancy: baby dies, mother could die, lose tube – Arthritis – Skin, eye, and urethra problems – Newborn: blindness, pneumonia SYPHILIS • • • • • Caused by a bacteria (spirochete) Christopher Columbus Appeared in Europe in 1494 Old cure mercury One of the few diseases with more men diagnosed than women • Has become a minor player in the US • Known as “The Great Pretender” • Marriage license takes blood test THREE STAGES: Stage 1: Painless sores called chancre appears 15 weeks after contact. Appears on mouth or sex organs. Stage 2: Body rash on hands, chest, back and feet, no itching, fever, condyloma lata (warts on bottom) Stage 3: 2-25 years later-attacks brain, heart, CNS, liver and kidneys SYPHILIS • • • • • • Dementia Seizures Blindness Paralysis Heart Problems Death Treatment: Antibiotics, injectable Is SEX worth it? Lost Children Of Rockdale County • “The Lost children Of Rockdale County” explores how a 1996 syphilis outbreak in a well off Atlanta suburb affected over 200 teenagers and revealed their lives unknown to parents: group sex, binge drinking, drugs and violence. Some were as young as 12 and 13 years old. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS CAUSED BY A FUNGUS! YEAST INFECTION YEAST INFECTION • Monlliasis (yeast infection) FEMALES: • Thick, white curdy, cottage cheese discharge • Itching, redness, irritations and swelling MALES: • Rash, itchy, redness, fungus grows in skin folds Yeast infections can be transmitted sexually and nonsexually: • • • • • • Pregnancy Diabetes Wet clothing Antibiotics Stress Diet Treatment: antibiotics • • • • • Menstruation Douching Birth control pills Obesity Poor nutrition YEAST INFECTION! SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES CAUSED BY PARASITES! TRICHOMONAS • Caused by a protozoan parasites • Most males and females have no symptoms FEMALES: greenish, yellow frothy odorous vaginal discharge, swelling, redness, burning MALES: pain or burning, swelling or redness TREATMENT: antibiotics PUBIC LICE (CRABS) • • • • Resembles little crabs 6 legs Gray or rust color Feeds off blood from capillaries • 30 day life span • Swings from hair to hair • Infests hairy area PUBIC LICE SYMPTOMS: itching, TRANSMITTED BY: redness. And rash • Close contact • Clothing TREATMENT: • Bed linen medication, • Toilet seats shampoo • Contact with lice SCABIES Nick named the 7 year itch Mites need a human host Burrow under skin to lay eggs Eggs hatch in 3-4 days SYMPTOMS: raised redden areas, itching in infested areas, infected due to scratching SCABIES!!!!!! CAUSED BY A MICROSCOPIC ORGANISM VAGINITIS • Caused by a microscopic organism FEMALE: itching, discharge, inflammation of genitals MALE: few symptoms, itching TREATMENT: antibiotics CAUSED BY UNTREATED SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS: PID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE Sexually active women between 15 and 25 have the highest rate of infection. PID infects the fallopian tube. Ovaries and/or uterus. Infection may spread to the entire pelvic region. SCAR TISSUE CAN LEAD TO INFERTLITY! Symptoms of PID: • • • • • • • Longer periods More painful periods Abnormal vaginal bleeding Sever lower pain Nausea and vomiting Fever and chills Temperature of 102 and greater Notice the right side and how inflamed and swollen the fallopian tube is! The mucous is covering the ovary compartment. TREATMENT OF PID IS USUALLY HOSPITALIZATION! SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS CAUSED BY VIRUSES! GENITAL WARTS HERPES SIMPLEX 2 HIV/AIDS GENITAL WARTS • Caused by a virus • Pinkish or reddish cauliflower shaped warts in, on, or around the vagina, cervix, rectum and vaginal opening of the female. • Warts found on penal shaft, glans, and rectum of the male. • Incubation is several days to months after contact • Most common sexually transmitted virus! GENTIAL WARTS (HPV) There is no cure. They reappear thru out one’s lifetime. Greatly increases risk of cervical cancer! TREATMENT: chemical freezing, liquid nitrogen, chemotherapy or laser What is deadly about HPV? Cervical cancer in women! • Cervical cancer threatens fertility, spontaneous abortions, anal cancer • For men no treatment, no cure, can’t help and condoms DO NOT protect them. 5.5 million new infections each year! 80% of sexually active women will be infected! 98% of the infected people will have no visible signs of the warts! GENITAL HERPES Also known as Herpes Simplex 2! HERPES SIMPLEX 1 Oral herpes • Cold sores and fever blisters • Caused by stress, poor nutrition, sun • Does not have to be sexually transmitted HERPES SIMPLEX 2 Genital herpes • Incubates for 6 days • Painful, itching blisters • Pop open, oozy sores • Crust over and makes scabs • Can be found on thighs and bottom • Have flu like symptoms HERPES 2 • On the male blisters can be found on penis, scrotum, rectal area, and thighs • On the females the blisters can be found in vagina, rectum, cervix and thighs THERE IS NO CURE! HERPES IS CAUSED BY VIRUS WHICH SITS IN YOUR NERVOUS SYSTEM. THE BLISTERS WILL COME AND GO THROUGH OUT LIFE! 45 MILLION CURRENT CASES! 1 MILLION NEW CASES EACH YEAR! FYI: THERE ARE AN ESTIMATED 290 MILLION INDIVIDUALS IN THE US! Herpes • Detected by special blood test. Must be requested • Due to the rise of oral sex type 1 and 2 have been found to change locations (genital areas). • Nearly 25% of the population over 12 years of age is seropostive for herpes 2! • 90% of infected people are unaware of the infection. HEPATITIS B Hepatitis A liver disease caused by any of several types of viruses transmitted by infected needles( drug use, tattoos, blood transfusions), by eating raw seafood from contaminated water, and by any contact (including sexual contact) with body secretions from infected people. • Hepatitis means “inflammation of the liver” • Attacks the liver causing jaundice, liver cancer and death • Hepatitis A (food), • Hepatitis B (sexual, blood, fluids) • 450,000 with a chronic disease • 120,000 new sexual cases each year • No treatment but there is a vaccine! HIV/AIDS