Mr. Tracy
Getting’ to know Ya – Draw a Pig!
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Pig Analysis
If the pig is drawn:
Toward the top of the paper – You have a tendency to be positive and optimistic.
Toward the middle – You have a tendency to be a realist.
Toward the bottom – You have a tendency to be pessimistic and may be
prone to behaving negatively.
Facing left – You have a tendency to believe in tradition and be friendly; you may also be prone to remembering dates well.
Facing Right – You have a tendency to be innovative and active, but may be prone to forgetting dates easily and may not have
a strong sense of family.
Facing front – You have a tendency to be direct, and may enjoy playing the role of devil’s advocate; you also are prone to
neither fearing nor avoiding confrontational discussions.
With many details – You have a tendency to be analytical, but may also be prone to being cautious to the point that you
struggle with trust.
With few details – You have a tendency to be emotional and to focus on the larger picture rather than focusing on details. You
also have a tendency to be a great risk taker and may sometimes be prone to reckless and impulsive decisions.
With less than 4 legs showing – May indicate that you are living through a major period of change and as a result you may be
prone to struggling with insecurities.
With 4 legs showing – You have a tendency to be secure and to stick to your ideals; however, others may describe you as
stubborn.
With large ears – Indicates how good of a listener you are (the bigger, the better).
With a long tail – Indicates how intelligent you are (the longer, the better)
Intelligent Quotient Scale – Accurate?
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https://memorado.com/iqtest?r=134#.U-IiTZtlIsv.facebook
Stanford-Binet Scale (1916)
 Over 140 - Genius or almost genius
120 - 140 - Very superior intelligence
110 - 119 - Superior intelligence
90 - 109 - Average or normal intelligence
80 - 89 - Dullness
70 - 79 - Borderline deficiency in intelligence
Under 70 - Feeble-mindedness
 Research what these findings mean and determine their accuracy based
on personal introspection.
 FOR HW - One paragraph summary of your results and conclusions
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Unit 1 – Chapter 1
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Psychology is…
• The scientific study of behavior and mental process
• Behavior-ANY action other people can observe or measure
• Goals of Psychology
• Observe
• Describe
• Explain
• Predict
• CONTROL? CHANGE?
• A Social Science, but also deals with Natural Science
What do Psychologist do?
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MANY different groups, with varied focus
 CANNOT prescribe medication (psychiatrist)
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Clinical – largest group
 Depression, anxiety, relationships, drugs, etc
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Counseling – adjustment issues
 Family, marital, etc
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School/Education – schools and districts
 Learning disorders, peers, standardized tests, etc
Other…including experimental/research
 REFLECTION???? Which would you choose?
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History of Psychology
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Ancient Greeks
 Socrates said we should “question ourselves” – introspection
 Hippocrates – disturbed mentalities were abnormalities in the brain (physical)
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1800’s in Europe
 Wilhelm Wundt – Structuralism
○ Human mind combined objective sensations with subjective thought
 William James – Functionalism
○ Human ADAPT to environment and learn from successful experience
 John B. Watson – Behaviorism
○ Based on observable, measurable ACTIONS, only the person knows why it happened
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Little Albert? Read and video
History of Psychology, Part Deuce
 BF Skinner – Added to Behaviorism
○ REINFORCEMENT/REWARD will influence behavior
 Positive/Negative?
○ Classical Conditioning
○ Operant Condition
○ SKINNER VIDEO – explain Skinner’s Experiments
 Gestalt School
 People seek out PATTERNS to determine behavior
 Learning is ACTIVE and purposeful
 INSIGHT reorganizes perceptions therefore changes behavior
History of Psychology – then there was Freud
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Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalysis
 Understanding through consulting with patients (the Couch)
 Behavior is a result of unconscious motives and internal conflicts
○ Freudian slips? Dreams?
 Sexual and aggressive instincts, clashing with the rules of society,
cause many HIDDEN conflicts
Sit Bluto, Lets Talk
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Analyze Bluto’s behavior using…
 Functionalism
 Behaviorism
 Psychoanalysis
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Attempt to explain why Bluto acts this using the three
schools of thought
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Blutarski video
Contemporary Perspectives of Psychology
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Built on Classic Theories
 Neuroscience – body and brain enables emotions
○ Natural Science??
 Evolutionary – Natural selection perpetuates STRONG genes
○ Social Darwin???
 Behavior genetics – Nature VS Nurture
○ Twins??
 Psychodynamic – Unconscious drives
 Behavioral – Observable responses
 Cognitive – Storing and processing information
 Socio Cultural – Changes in behavior and thinking are different
according to culture
○ Nacirema??
Unit 1 - Chapter 2
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Scientific Method
 Question
 Hypothesis
 Test
 Analysis - Draw a Conclusion
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Identify the Scientific Method…do you agree with their
conclusions?
Psychological Methods
Psychology is an EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE
 Surveys, Samples and Populations
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 Survey Method
○ Asking people directly through questionnaires or interviews
 Population and Samples
○ Target Population – the group to be studied
○ Sample – PART of the Target Population
 Random Sample – selected by chance
 Stratified Sample – proportional representation of the target group
Methods of Observation
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Testing Method –learn about human behavior through tests
 Intelligence
 Aptitude
 Personality
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○ Take the SAD test!!!
Case-Study Method – In-depth investigation of a group or person
“Genie The Wild Child”
 VIDEO:
○ Three paragraphs that
 Identify Genie’s story
 What is being tested
 Results
Social Avoidance and Distress
Scale Results
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Count ONE (1) point for each
answer that matches
F
T
F
F
T
F
F
T
F
T
T
F
T
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
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28.
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
T
F
T
T
F
T
F
F
The Norms reported by Watson and
Friend (1969)
Males
Low
Below 4
Females
0
Moderate
4-19
1-16
High
20+
17+
The HIGHER the score the GREATER
degree of Social Discomfort.
Analyze:
1. The NORMS that W&F
developed. What do they mean?
2. YOUR score. DO you agree
with W&F? Accuracy?
Other Methods of Observation
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Naturalistic Method
 Field study of people in their nautral environment
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Laboratory/Observation Method
 Not always the white-sterile stereotype lab
 The Skinner Box
Analyzing Observations
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Correlation – a measure of how closely one thing is related
to another
 A STRONG correlation means things are closely related
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Positive Correlation
 A RELATIONSHIP between the variables
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Negative Correlation
 WEAK relationships between variables
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Correlations describe relationships NOT cause and effect!
Experiment Method
Participants receive a Treatment within a certain Condition
 Variables are factors that can vary or change within the
experiment
 Independent Variable – factor manipulated so researchers can
determine its effect
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 Example: Raising or lowering the Temperature in a classroom
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Dependent Variable – id DEPENDENT on the I.V.
 Example: How the students react and behave
Experimental Group and Control Group are both studied
 Placebo??
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Ethical Issues
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Ethics are standards for proper and responsible behavior (APA)
 Confidentiality; private; not harmful; purposeful/meaningful;
 when the benefits outweigh the harm?!?!?!
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Animal Research
 Used ONLY when there is no alternative
 Moving away from it today
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Researcher should be as objective and thoughtful as possible in
planning and perpetrating their experiments
Unethical
Experiments Assignment
Psychology Unit 2 Chapters 3 and 4
Biology and Behavior
 Sensation and Perception
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