How well do you know the 63 people you
had sex with last night?
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Most people with an STD experience
painful symptoms.
Birth control pills prevent the spread of
STDs.
Douching will cure and STD.
Abstinence is the best way to prevent
STDs.
If you get an STD once, and are treated,
you can’t get it again.
A person does not need to see a doctor if
she/he notices sores on his/her genitals
once, but then they go away.
Condoms help prevent the spread of STDs
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STDs are diseases and infections which are
capable of being spread from person to
person through:
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sexual intercourse
oral-genital contact
anal-genital or anal-oral contact
non-sexual ways
 IV drugs
 blood transfusions
 changes in the vaginal chemical balance
Diseases – lifelong
Infections – curable
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Symptoms will vary depending on the disease
or infection by may include
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Sores
Blood in urine
Burning sensation while urinating
Rashes/Itching
Bumps/Warts
Unusual discharge
Many STDs are asymptomatic, meaning there
are not signs or symptoms
◦ Many will continue to spread the disease and not
get treatment
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Considered to be primarily or frequently
sexually transmitted:
Chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi)
Chlamydia (chlamydia trachomatis)
Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)
Hepatitis B virus
Herpes (herpes simplex virus type 2)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33,
35, 42-45, 51, 52, 56 (genital warts)
◦ Syphilis (treponema pallidum)
◦ Trichomoniasis (trichomonas vaginalis)
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Sexually Transmittable, although not
generally considered to be STDs because they
have more common routes of transmission:
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Bacterial vaginosis
Candidiasis
Crabs and Scabies
Cytomegalovirus
Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), secondary
condition
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Bacterial disease
Infection methods: sexual contact
Prevention: abstinence and condoms
Symptoms: genital ulcers, enlarged lymph nodes
Detection: examination of genital ulcers and lymph
nodes
◦ Treatment: antibiotics
◦ Complications:
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 scarring may occur
 higher risk of contracting
HIV
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Bacterial infection
◦ Infection methods: intercourse and anal sex
◦ Prevention: condoms & regular medical screenings
◦ Symptoms: 25% of men and 70% of women are
asymptomatic
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Fever and Diarrhea
Fatigue and weight loss
White spots in the mouth
Pain and swelling in genital area
Discharge from penis
Burning sensation while urinating
White or gray discharge from vaginal area
◦ Detection: collection of fluid from cervix or penis,
urine samples
◦ Treatment: antibiotics
 Testing and treatment of all
sexual partners
◦ Complications:
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Nonspecific utethritis (NSU)
Arthritis
Chronic pain and infertility
Babies born to infected mothers may have eye, ear &
lung infections, or death
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Bacterial infection
◦ Infection methods: sexual contact with mouth,
vagina, penis or anus, and from mother to baby
◦ Prevention: abstinence, monogamous, condoms
◦ Symptoms:
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sore or red throat
rectal pain
blood and pus in bowel movements
A watery discharge from the penis, which can become
a thick yellow/green discharge
Itching or burning at the urethral opening
Pain with urination
Thick yellow or white vaginal discharge
Unusual lower abdominal pain
◦ Detection:
 Gram stain - staining a sample of tissue or discharge
and then looking at it under a microscope
 Cultures (cells that grow in a lab dish) provide absolute
proof of infection. Generally, samples for a culture are
taken from the cervix, vagina, urethra, anus, or throat.
◦ Treatment:
 Antibiotics
 Testing and treatment of all sexual partners
 About half of the women with gonorrhea are also
infected with chlamydia and will need treatment for
that as well
◦ Complications
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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Infertility
Scarring or narrowing of the urethra
Abscess (collection of pus around the urethra)
Joint infections
Heart valve infection
Meningitis
Pregnant women with severe gonorrhea may pass the
disease to their baby while in the womb or during delivery
 Premature delivery
 Spontaneous abortion
 Blindness, joint infection, or blood infection
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Bacterial infection
◦ Infection methods: vaginal or anal intercourse
◦ Prevention: abstinence and condoms
◦ Symptoms:
 Small, beefy-red bumps appear on the genitals or
around the anus.
 They are usually painless, but they bleed easily if injured.
 The disease slowly spreads and destroys genital tissue.
 Tissue damage may spread to the area where the legs
meet the torso.
 The genitals and the skin around them lose skin color.
◦ Detection: tissue samples and biopsy of lesions
◦ Treatment: antibiotics
◦ Complications:
 Genital damage and scarring
 Loss of skin color in genital area
 Permanent genital swelling due to scarring
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Irritation and swelling of the liver
◦ Infection methods:
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Direct contact with blood
Sexual contact with an infected person
Tattoo or acupuncture with unclean needles or instruments
Shared needles/equipment during drug use
Shared personal items
Childbirth from infected mother to child
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Vaccine
Avoid sexual contact with infected persons
Use a condom and practice safe sex
Avoid sharing personal items, such as razors or toothbrushes
Don’t do drugs
Properly clean blood spills
◦ Prevention:
◦ Symptoms:
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Many are asymptomatic
Appetite loss
Fatigue
Fever, low-grade
Muscle and joint aches
Nausea and vomiting
Yellow skin and dark urine due to jaundice
◦ Detection: blood tests
◦ Treatment: careful monitoring of liver and other
body functions with blood tests
 May need liver transplant if liver failure occurs
◦ Complications: liver damage (cirrhosis)
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Viral infection, lifelong
◦ Infection methods:
 Skin, vagina, penis, or mouth contact with someone
infected
 Passed to baby during a vaginal birth
◦ Prevention: abstinence and condoms
◦ Symptoms:
 Itching and burning followed by small sore or
cluster of blisters on the penis/in or around vagina
 Blisters will heal and go away but lifelong “outbreaks”
will still occur
 Fever
 Headaches
◦ Detection: culture of fluid from sore and blood
tests
◦ Treatment: medications to help with the discomfort
of outbreaks
◦ Complications:
 Lifelong outbreaks
 May cause cervical cancer
 Virus may spread to other parts
of the body
 Baby may have physical or
mental damage
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Severely damages the immune system by
infecting & destroying white blood cells
◦ Infection methods:
Unprotected sex with an infected person
Needle sharing between intravenous drug users
Blood transfer
Infected woman to her baby
In RARE cases, accidents of needle stick injuries by
healthcare providers
 Small risk in oral sex
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HIV transmission can
occur when fluids
containing HIV from an
infected person enter
the body of an
uninfected person.
These fluids include:
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Blood
Semen
Pre-seminal fluid
Vaginal fluid
Breast milk
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HIV can enter the body
through:
◦ Lining of the anus or
rectum
◦ Lining of the vagina and/or
cervix
◦ Opening to the penis
◦ mouth that has sores or
bleeding gums
◦ cuts and sores
◦ Needles (syringes)
◦ Prevention: abstinence, condoms, never share
needles or take drugs, avoid getting drunk or high
◦ Symptoms:
 Primary stage – flu-like symptoms, few weeks
 Clinically Asymptomatic Stage – mild infections and
chronic disorders, average of 10 years
 Symptomatic HIV Infection – emergence of certain
opportunistic infections
 AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) – low white
blood cell counts
 Very susceptible to infections
◦ Detection: blood tests – rapid test, western blot
◦ Treatment: variety of drugs to keep the virus under
control
 HAART therapy (highly-active anti-retroviral therapy)
◦ Complications:
 Opportunistic infections — diseases that wouldn't trouble
a person with a healthy immune system
 Other STDs
 Death
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Soft growths on the skin and mucus
membranes of the genitals
◦ Infection methods: sexual contact
◦ Prevention: abstinence, condoms, two vaccines
(protect against four types)
◦ Symptoms: flesh-colored spots that are raised or
flat, growths that look like the top of a cauliflower
◦ Detection: physical exam
◦ Treatment: skin treatment at doctor’s office, Rx
medicines, surgical removal of warts
◦ Complications: cervical cancer, warts can become
very large and numerous
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Bacterial infection
◦ Infection methods: direct contact with a syphilis
sore during vaginal, anal, or oral sex
◦ Prevention: abstinence
◦ Symptoms:
 Primary Stage – 10 to 90 days after contact sore
appears (mouth, anus, rectum, throat or sex organ)
heals on its own in 3-6 weeks
 Secondary Stage – lasts 3-6 weeks, copper-colored
skin rash with fever, headache, loss of appetite, or loss
of hair
 Latent (hidden) Stage - damage to internal organs
occurs with no symptoms
 Late Stage - accumulated damage shows up in 10-30
years after initial infection
 Sudden heart attack, vision failure, loss of motor
coordination , or mental disturbances
◦ Detection: examination of material from sore and
blood tests
◦ Treatment: antibiotics (penicillin)
 One dose will work if you have had syphilis for under
one year
 Baby born with syphilis will have daily penicillin
treatments for 10 days
◦ Complications:
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Sudden heart attack
vision failure
loss of motor coordination
mental disturbances
Death
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Caused by a parasite (protozoan)
◦ Infection methods: intercourse
◦ Prevention: monogamous and condoms
◦ Symptoms: frothy greenish-yellow vaginal
discharge, vaginal itching and odor, burning after
urination or ejaculation, discharge from urethra
◦ Detection: pelvic exam in women, men are
diagnosed after their partner or after treatment for
gonorrhea and chlamydia fail
◦ Treatment: antibiotic
◦ Complications: changes in cervical tissue
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Normal balance of bacteria in the vagina is
disrupted and replaced by an overgrowth of
certain bacteria
◦ Infection methods: not fully understood but having
a new sex partner or multiple sex partners and
douching are some causes
◦ Prevention: abstinence, limiting number of sex
partners, don’t douche
◦ Symptoms: abnormal vaginal discharge with an
unpleasant odor, most report being asymptomatic
◦ Detection: exam and lab tests on vaginal fluid
◦ Treatment: antibiotics
◦ Complications: increase susceptibility to HIV and
other STDs, infection after surgery, preterm delivery
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Yeast infection
◦ Infection methods: antibiotics, steroids, pregnancy,
menstruation, sperm, diabetes, and birth control
pills
◦ Prevention:
◦ Symptoms: vaginal burning, itching, and discharge
(white cheese look)
◦ Detection: gynecological exam
◦ Treatment: over-the-counter medications
◦ Complications: people with weakened immune
systems it can be hard to treat and get rid of
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Small, creatures that infect the
pubic hair area and lay eggs
◦ Infection methods: sexual activity, toilet seats,
sheets, blankets, or bathing suits
◦ Prevention: limiting number of sexual partners, safe
sex, good personal hygiene, ware underwear when
trying on bathing suits
◦ Symptoms: itching, bluish-gray colored skin, sores
due to bites and scratching
◦ Detection: examination of pubic area
◦ Treatment: Rx wash
◦ Complications: secondary infections may develop if
scratching opens the skin
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Form of the herpes virus, usually a harmless
infection that stays for life
◦ Infection methods: direct contact with bodily fluids
(urine, saliva, breast milk), sexual activities,
transplanted organs and blood transfusions
◦ Prevention:
 wash hands often
 don’t share food/drinks, pacifier, toothbrush with
young children
 clean anything that comes in contact with a child’s
saliva or urine
◦ Symptoms:
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Jaundice
Purple skin splotches
Enlarged spleen or liver
Pneumonia
Seizures
Visual impairment/blindness
Diarrhea/digestive ulcers
◦ Detection: blood, saliva, or urine test
◦ Treatment: most healthy people don’t need
treatment
◦ Complications: congenital infections cause many
long-term problems and deaths
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Inflammation or infection of the urethra,
caused by something other than gonorrhea
◦ Infection methods: sexual activities, UTIs, inflamed
prostate
◦ Prevention: abstinence and safe sex
◦ Symptoms:
 Itching and burning around genital area
 Discharge (thin & watery to thick and white)
◦ Detection: have inflammation of the urethra with
out gonorrhea infection
◦ Treatment: antibiotics
◦ Complications: infertility, arthritis, conjunctivitis,
PID, chronic pelvic pain, miscarriages
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Bacterial infection that moves from
vaginal/cervical area into the uterus, fallopian
tubes, ovaries, or pelvis
◦ Infection methods: chlamydia or gonorrhea, IUD,
sexual activity during adolescence
◦ Prevention: prompt treatment for STDs, safe sex
behaviors, monogamous
◦ Symptoms: fever, pain in lower abdomen, vaginal
discharge with abnormal color, texture or smell,
chills, fatigue, painful urination, irregular menstrual
bleeding or no menstruation
◦ Detection:
 cervical exam
 vaginal culture
 ultrasound or CT scan
◦ Treatment: antibiotics, may need surgery
◦ Complications:
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scarring of the pelvic organs
chronic pelvic pain
ectopic pregnancy
infertility