IMMUNOLOGY OUTLINE 2015 - 2016
I. OVERVIEW
A. Essential Definitions
B. Types of Disease
C. Disease Transmission
D. Historical Background
E. Public Health Measures
F. Article – Edward Jenner and Smallpox 9/10
G. Article – Cast of Characters 9/11
H. Bacterial Diseases
I. Fungal Diseases
J. Article – Commensal and Pathogenic Flora 9/14
K. Protozoan Diseases
L. Multicellular Parasites
M. Viruses
N. Article – 20 Things You Did Not Know About Viruses 9/15
O. Prion Diseases
P. Article – World’s Top Ten Infectious Killers 9/15
Q. Emerging Pathogens
II. DISEASE FROM THE GERM’S PERSPECTIVE
A. How Microbes Cause Disease
B. Microbial Adaptations
C. Examples
D. Commensal Microbes
E. Host Parasite relations
F. Article – Our Microbes, Ourselves 9/16
G. Article – Your Body is A Planet 9/17
H. Article – Slime City – Where Germs Talk to Each Other and Execute Precise Attacks
9/ 17
III. RESISTANCE
A. Targets for Defense
B. Blood Clotting and Defense
C. The Action of Phagocytes
D. Inflammation
E. Fever
F. The Lymphatic System
G. Innate
1)external
2)internal
H. Acquired or Adaptive
1)active
2)passive
3)adoptive
I. Article – Typhoid Mary 9/18
IV. EVOLUTION OF AN IMMUNE SYSTEM
A. Contact Avoidance
B. Phagocytic Defense
C. Immunological Memory
D. Lymphoid Cells and Organs
E. Comparative Serology
F. Article – The Evolution of Immunity in Invertebrates 9/
EXAM #1 – I – IV 9/25
V. RECOGNITION, THE FOUNDATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
A. Surface structures
B. Article – The Arrow of Disease 9/29
C. Antigens
1. Three characteristics of Antigens
2. Epitopes
3. The nature of what is foreign
4. Blood Group Antigens
a) ABO & Rh
b) Relative frequencies of each blood type
c) Hemolytic disease
VI. ANTIBIOTICS
A. Discovery
B. Characteristics of Bacteria
C. Characteristics of Antibiotics
D. Coevolution and a rational antibiotic strategy
E. Article – The History of Penicillin 9/30
F. Article – Evolution in Action: Understanding Antibiotic Resistance 10/5
G. Article – Overcoming Resistance – 10/7
G. Article – New Antibiotics Take Poke at Bacteria 10/9
H. Article – New Ways to Squash Superbugs 10/9
EXAM #2 - V – VIII 10/13
Career paper due 10/15
VII. CELLS INVOLVED IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
A. Humoral
B. Cellular
VIII. ANTIBODY
A. Structure
B. Classes
C. Biological Properties
D. How do B cells produce antibodies?
E. Genetic basis for Antibody Formation
F. Article – The Accidental Immune System
IX. COMPLEMENT
A. Discovery
B. Overview
C. Pathways
D. Biological activity
EXAM #3 – IX – XI 10/27
X. DEVELOPMENT OF THE CLONAL SELECTION THEORY
A. Article – Cellular Basis of Antibody Diversity: Clonal Selection10/30
XI. EVENTS IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE – power point presentation
EXAM #4 – XII-XIV 11/9
( verbal exam –tba)
XII. IMMUNIZATION
A. Background
1. Critical Factors in determining the antigenic composition of a vaccine
2. Other Factors to consider when giving a vaccine
3. Active vs. Passive Vaccination
B. Types of vaccines
C. Some of the most widely used human vaccines
D. Emerging vaccine technologies
E. Testing New Drugs
XIII. TRANSPLANTATION
A. Foreign and self
B. Types of Transplants
C. Tissue Matching
D. Immunosuppression
E. Disadvantages of immunosuppression
F. Tissues transplanted +/G. Article – Brothers With Heart 11/17
XIV. MALFUNCTIONS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
A. Hypersensitivities
1. Type I
2. Delayed/ Cell Mediated
B. Autoimmune diseases
C. Immunodeficiencies
1. T-Cell vs. B-cell vs. SCID
D. Article - Allergy Nanomedicine…. 11/18
E. Article – Asthma and other allergies tied to absence of specialized cells11/18
F. Article – Little by Little 11/19
EXAM #5 – XV – XVII 11/20
XV. HIV
A. History and Origin of HIV
B. Review of Viruses
C. HIV Viral anatomy
D. HIV life cycle
E. Infection
F. Disease Transmission
G. Disease Progression
H. Effects on the Immune System
I. Diagnosis
J. Treatment
K. Prevention of AIDS
L. Article – Immune to A Plague 12/10
XVI. CANCER
A. The Nature of Cancer
B. Possible Contributing Factors
C. Molecular level
D. Carcinogenesis
E. Results
F. How Cancer eludes the immune system
G. Prevention
H. Warning Signs
I. Early Detection/Screening
J. Treatments
K. Article – Understanding Cancer 12/16
L. Article - Good things come in small packages: exosomes, immunity and cancer
12/18
EXAM #6 – XVIII – XIX 12/21
IMMUNOLOGY LABS 2015 - 2016:
1. Disease Transmission/Detection of an Infectious Agent
2. Forensic Antigen Detection
3. Principles of Blood Typing
4. Establishing Paternity Through Blood Typing
5. How are Bacteria Identified? Introduction to Gram Staining
6. Antibiotic Sensitivity
7. Ouchterlony analysis (qualitative detection of antibody)
8. Determination of previous exposure/vaccination lab - Ouchterlony analysis
9. Radial Immunodiffusion (quatitative detection of antibody)
10. Transfusion Matching
11. Detection of HIV – ELISA
12. Morphology of Cancer cells
13. Blood Based Cancer Diagnostics
14. Detection of Chronic Mylogenous Leukemia through electrophoresis
LAB REPORT PROCEDURES:
In order to properly prepare for labs, the lab reports should be read prior to the
lab itself. You will have periodic lab quizzes – prior to, during and after labs. The
lab report is your record of the objectives, procedures, results and the meaning of those
results. The lab reports are due at the start of the next double period lab. Late
reports are not accepted. If you are absent from a lab, you are still responsible for
making the lab up, and you should see me immediately upon your return to class. The
lab report should be written as follows (include headings):
I. Purpose - What is the purpose of this lab? There may be more than one. purpose.
II. Procedures - What procedures did you follow - keep this brief, but meaningful - put
the procedures in your own words - do not copy a long list of procedures, you have a
copy of these and copying it would be busy work.
III. Results - What data did you collect from your experiment? This would include
tables, graphs, charts ect.
IV. Interpretation of the Results - What do the results mean? This is data analysis.
This is a critical part of the lab where you explain the meaning of what you did.
V. Practical Use - Describe how a working scientist would apply a test like the one we
did in lab.
VI. Sources of Error – Account for possible error in the lab. There is possible error in all
labs
VII. Summary of What You Learned – Provide a one to two paragraph summary of
what of biological significance you learned from the lab.
BIG QUESTIONS FOR IMMUNOLOGY:
1. What is immunology?
2. How do we know what we do about immunology?
3. How can we ensure a safe, healthy future?
4. What are some threats to public health?
5. How do microbes cause disease?
6. How are microbes adapted to elude our immune system?
7. How do we become resistant to diseases?
8. How have immune systems evolved in different species?
9. How do organisms recognize self and non-self?
10. What are antibiotics and how do they work?
11. Why are antibiotics less effective, and how can we use them wisely?
12. What organs make up the immune system?
13. How do the different components of blood work in the immune system?
14. What are antibodies? How are they built? How do they work?
15. What is complement? How does it work?
16. What is our current understanding (theory) of the immune system?
17. Why is a second exposure to a pathogen often harmless?
18. How are vaccines made and how do they work?
19. How are individuals matched, and treated for a transplant?
20. What causes allergies, how do they arise, and how can they be treated?
21. How do auto-immunities arise, and how are they treated?
22. How do immunodeficiencies come about and how are they treated?
23. How does the HIV virus infect our cells?
24. How does the HIV virus elude our immune response?
25. What kinds of drugs work against HIV and how do they work?
26. What is cancer?
27. What are some symptoms of cancer?
28. How can cancer be detected?
29. How can cancer be treated?
30. How can we prevent cancer?