Digital Video over
Next Generation Internet
Hyun-chul Kim
hckim@cosmos.kaist.ac.kr
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
2003.1.22(Wed)
Table Of Contents
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The Networks
Advanced Applications
Digital Video : Future Killer Application ?
Digital Video Technologies
What are people doing with these technologies?
Challenges and Opportunities
Digital Video over Next Generation Internet
APAN-KR Digital Video Network
Concluding Remarks
References
The Networks
APAN : Objectives [Chon 01B]
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Advanced Networking for Asia-Pacific
Research & Development for Advanced Applications and
Services
Advanced Networking Environment for Research Community
International Collaboration
Asia-Pacific Advanced Network [Chon 01B]
Europe
Korea
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Japan
STAR TAP
(USA)
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China
Hong Kong 
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Thailand 
Malaysia 
 Sri Lanka
Vietnam
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Singapore
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Current status
2001(plan)
 Philippines
Indonesia
 Australia
KOREN
Advanced Applications ?
Applications [Chon 01A]
Basic Service
EMail
File Transfer
Telnet
News
WWW
Advanced Service
Transaction
Video/Audio
What’s the Killer Application for
APAN/KOREN and Internet2 ?
“VisiCalc” electronic spreadsheets on PCs
“Mosaic” World Wide Web
“Napster”  Peer-to-Peer Computing
“Digital Video in some form”  expected to change ….
How we teach, learn, collaborate, and conduct
research in Higher education [Hanss 01]
Digital Video : The Situation
[Hanss 01B]
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Equipment is getting cheaper (production to
delivery)
Hardware and software are getting easier to use
Video quality is improving
IP-based delivery focus (versus ATM)
Many standards are still being resolved
Best practices are emerging
Range of options means there’s no one solution
Significant international cooperation
Uses for Digital Video
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Videoconferencing
Streaming video
Live, Scheduled or On-demand
1-to-1 or 1-to-N
Digital Video Technologies
Technologies
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H.323
VRVS
MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4
MJPEG
IEEE1394 DV/Firewire
Access Grid
VIC/VAT/RAT
H.323
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Recommended for audio, video over best-effort
packet switched networks
Emerged from the telecommunications industry
Point-to-Point and Multipoint videoconferences
Enables collaboration - shared whiteboard, etc
TCP for control, UDP for audio, video, status
VRVS (Virtual Rooms
Videoconferencing System)
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General Observations
Client agnostic video conference system
Vic/rat, existing H.323 clients, Minerva MPEG2
Developed and started to be deployed in Physics
community (CERN, Caltech, …)
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Comparison to H.323
Uses same video/audio codecs (at initial phase)
Software reflector versus hardware gatekeeper
Windows, Unix clients available, Mac receivers
Easily extensible (open source code)
VRVS : example
MPEG-1
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General Observations
1-2 Mbps, free streaming clients available for broadcast &
VODs from various vendors
Many PCs have built-in MPEG1 decoding capabilities
Appliances available
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Comparison to H.323
Video quality better than H.323, worse than VHS quality
video
Cost per sending station usually more than H.323
Some interoperability between products but no standards
govern transport like H.323
Screen Shot(1):
MPEG1 Live Broadcast and VOD
MPEG1 Traffic Measurement
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Measured at SA Lab. Gateway (gw.kaist.kr.apan.net)
‘Daily’ Graph (2001.10.24)
MPEG1 Multicast
Traffic 1.5Mbps
• ‘Weekly’ Graph (2001.10.17~2001.10.24)
MPEG1 Multicast
Traffic 1.5Mbps
MPEG-2
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General Observations
Broadcast quality video with audio for high-quality video
and digital television
3-15 Mbps (@ Main Level)
No free streaming clients
Expensive Hardware ($10-$25K per node)
Interoperability between vendors non-existent
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Comparisons
Better than VHS quality
Camera Quality is VERY IMPORTANT with MPEG2
It’s wonderful when it works
MPEG-2 Traveling Node (Internet2)
10Mbps MPEG2 Traffic Measurement
• Measured at SA Lab. GW (gw.kaist.kr.apan.net)
• ‘Daily’ Graph (2001.10.25)
MPEG2 Multicast
Traffic 10Mbps
• ‘Weekly’ Graph (2001.10.18~2001.10.25)
MPEG2 Multicast
Traffic 10Mbps
MPEG1 Multicast
Traffic 1.5Mbps
6Mbps MPEG2 Traffic measurement
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KAIST MRTG graph
Daily Graph (10.31~11.1)
Weekly Graph (10.25~11.1)
MPEG-4
Goal: to make low-bit rate multimedia data
 Good quality video/audio with lower bandwidth
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Near-DVD quality at 700K~2 Mbps
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Began July 1993 / Release February 2000
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Apple Quicktime 6 and WMT 9 : based on MPEG4
Screen shot : APAN-KR TV multicasting,
2002.11.20 (Korea vs Brazil Soccer A match)
• 640X480X30 fps, at 1.5Mbps, using (MPEG4-based WMT) + CastBox Overlay Multicast system
• 300~400 clients for a few hours
MJPEG
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General Observations
5-10 Mbps, video quality similar to MPEG2
Cheap Hardware : but you gotta roll your own
Both software & hardware decoding clients are currently
available from Berkeley
http://www.openmash.org
http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/~delco/rtpvb (RTPtv)
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Comparisons
Great video, inexpensive, multipoint support
Deployed today at Berkeley to support teaching
Still work-in-progress, requires bandwidth
IEEE1394 (Firewire) DV
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General Observations
Uses IEEE1394(Firewire) device interface
30Mbps, video quality better than MPEG2
No encoding/decoding delays at PCs  SDTV-quality
interactive DV system
http://www.sfc.wide.ad.jp/DVTS
Promise of inexpensive high quality nodes
COTS(commercial off-the-shelf) : DV camera, player, firewire boarded
PCs/Notebooks
Cheap Hardware, available on
FreeBSD, NetBSD, Linux, MacOS X, and Windows
Multicasting ?
Manual/Adaptive Frame Rate control? (full/half/quarter,
depending on available bandwidth)
Equipments for Firewire DV[Jung 01]
1394 card(FireBird EZ)
1394 cable(4-6
pin)
노트북 1394 port
DV Transport System [Ogawa 01]
Consumer DV Camera
Consumer DV Deck
IEEE1394
Cable
IEEE1394
Cable
Internet
DV→Internet PC
Internet →DV PC
DV Transport System
Consumer DV Camera
Consumer DV Deck
IEEE1394
Cable
IEEE1394
Cable
Internet
DV→Internet PC
Internet →DV PC
DV Transport System
Consumer DV Camera
Consumer DV Deck
IEEE1394
Cable
IEEE1394
Cable
Internet
DV→Internet PC
Internet →DV PC
DV/Firewire Experiments [Jung 01]
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IPv4 unicast test between Chonnam Univ. (Gwang-ju,
about 250KM away from Daejeon) and KAIST(Daejeon) –
2001. 5
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CNU DVTS sender -> KAIST receiver
# dvsend –h 192.249.24.39 –I ohci0
# dvrecv
DV/Firewire on Windows [Sul 01]
Firewire DV Traffic measurement
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KAIST MRTG graph
Access Grid [Hanss 01C]
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General Observations
Group to group collaboration, persistent electronic presence,
“Internet Café”
4 Video inputs per node, virtual rooms
Multicast required!! (10-20 Mbps for a meeting)
COTS technology - @ $40K for a node
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Comparisons
Video/Audio quality about same as or better than H.323
Continuous, Multipoint presence is useful!!
Mobile Access Grid Node
Source: Argonne National Laboratory
Access Grid “Look and Feel”
Source: Argonne National Laboratory
Access Grid “Look and Feel”
Source: Argonne National Laboratory
An Access Grid Room
Considerations include room size; projector,
microphone, speakers, and camera placement;
ambient noise
Presenter
mic
Presenter
camera
Ambient mic
(tabletop)
Audience camera
Source: Argonne National Laboratory
An Access Grid Room: Components
Digital Video
NETWORK
RGB Video
Display
Computer
Digital Video
Video
Capture NTSC Video
Computer
Audio
Analog Audio
Digital Audio Capture
Computer
Mixer
Control
Computer
Echo
Canceller
Source: Argonne National Laboratory
Access Grid “Look and Feel”
Source: Argonne National Laboratory
Internet HDTV
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Why Studio-quality HDTV over Internet?
“Because We Can! ;-)”
Gbps-level High bandwidth application
Studio-quality compressed HDTV stream : 270Mbps
(122GB/hour)
Fully Uncompressed HDTV stream : 1.5Gbps (675GB/hour)
 no encoding/decoding delays (interactive applications)
 Jointly developed by Tektronix,
http://www.researchchannel.org/tech/ihdtv.asp
USC ISI, and UW.
270 Mbps Internet HDTV Demo.
between Stanford and University of Washington (1999.9.22)
Digital Video : Technologies and Products
H.323
MPEG-1
MJPEG,
MPEG4
MPEG2
1394 DV
(Typical)
Resolution
352X288
352X240
640X480(VGA)
720X480(SDTV)
720X480(SDTV)
Bandwidth
128Kbps~1Mbps
1~2Mbps
2~15Mbps
30 Mbps
Appliances
Polycom, RadVision,
VCON, Zydracon, ..
($2,000~$15,000)
Provided by MPEG-2
products
Or in-between
Minerva,
CAMVision-2,
REIMAY BOX
($20,000~$60,000)
* 150~300ms Delay
N/A
Servers
Multiple Control Unit
($15,000~$100,000)
Provided by MPEG-2
products
Or in-between
IBM VideoCharger
CISCO IP/TV
•3~10 sec. Delay
•$2,000(S/W only) ~
$200,000 (+H/W)
PC + DV
Camera or DV
Recorder Deck
$2,000~$5,000
For PCs
USB-based PC
Cameras ($20~$1,000)
, Free MS NetMeeting
Provided by MPEG-2
products
Or in-between
Optibase cards
($5,000~$20,000),
Reimay + SDK
($10,000~, no delay)
No encoding
cards, no delays
(no compression)
So, What Are People Doing with
These Technologies?
Digital Video Applications
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Video Conferencing and Streaming
Remote Lecture/Seminar
Music Teaching (Master Class)
Virtual Concert (Halloween Concert)
Virtual Conference (Megaconference)
Remote Instrument Observation and Control (telescope,
microscope, …)
High-quality Internet TV/Video Portal
 Research Channel
 C-SPAN Broadcasting
 APAN-KR TV and Video Archive
Visual History Foundation
Animations and Immersive Environments
Telecubicle (Office of the Future?)
And A LOT more…..
APAN-KR Digital Video Network
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Goal
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Experiment, Evaluate and Deploy Advanced Digital Video Technologies
and Applications on Next Generation Internet in Korea/Asia-Pacific.
As a basis for Research/Engineering Cooperation/Collaboration among
APAN(-KR) members
Technology/Knowledge Transfer
Fill-up and make congestions on current high-bandwidth
network!!
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to justify and request higher-capacity domestic network backbone, as well
as international links,…. Say, “We need more bandwidth!!” ;-)
APAN-KR Digital Video Network : Major Appllications
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Video Conferencing Network
 Tools
testing, evaluation and deployment
H.323-based clients and MCU
 VRVS clients and reflector
 Others (Mbone tools, Isabelle, …)
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backbone and Gbps Access Network  Let’s move
to Firewire DV, rather than H.323 from now on.
 40Gbps
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Distance Education
 MPEG-1/MPEG-2/Firewire
DV
 Remote Seminar/Workshop/Class Experiments (2001 Fall~)
 Now considering/evaluating MPEG-4
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Video Archive
 MPEG-1/MPEG-2/RealVideo
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Others (being formed and proposed)
 “Cyber
Performance Project”, Internet TV, …
Remote Lecture/Seminar
KAIST CS540 Network Architecture
MPEG1 Live
Web Presentation
Virtual Classroom experiment
(KAIST CS540 Network Architecture)
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Live Broadcasting
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Interactive Q&A
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H.323-based tools (Microsoft NetMeeting, …)
100ms < Delay < 500ms
Mbone tools (vic, rat, wb, …) and VRVS
Presentation Material
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CISCO IP/TV, MPEG-1 (1Mbps) or MPEG-2 (10Mbps)
4~5 seconds of delay
Upload at course homepage before lecture begins and let audience access it
remotely.
VOD Archive
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Low-bandwidth (200Kbps) : Real Video Server
High-bandwidth (with CISCO IP/TV)
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1.5 Mbps MPEG1 : 600MB/Hour
10Mbps MPEG2 : 5GB/Hour
400GB = 80 X 1-hour MPEG2 movies
CS540 Class Live Broadcast System
…
Thrunet
CIRC
GSR12012
1G
1G
GNG
CISCO IP/TV Viewer CISCO IP/TV Viewer
KAIST Network
(Chonnam Univ.)
1G
1G
1G
EE Dept.
C6509
KOREN
CS540 Lecture Room
1G
EE Dept.
Network
Admin. Building
C6509
CISCO IP/TV Server
1G
CD Dept.
Network
CISCO IP/TV
Viewer
(Encode and Unicast Live
1G
CS Dept.
C6509
155M
Video feed )
SA Lab.
GW
SAL Network
100M
CISCO IP/TV
Content Manager
CISCO IP/TV Viewer
100M
Unicast
Multicast
CISCO IP/TV Viewer
CISCO IP/TV Server
( VOD + Multicast Server)
APAN-KR TV multicasting, 2002.11.20
(Korea vs Brazil A match)
• 640X480X30 fps, at 1.5Mbps, using (MPEG4-based) WMT + CastBox Overlay Multicast system
• 300~400 clients for a few hours
APAN-KR TV Multicasting Network (http://tv.kr.apan.net)
Encoder
WMT Server
& Web Server
IPTV
Server (?)
Source
Network
KAIST SALAB
Commodity
Internet
CastBox
Relay
KOREN
CastBox
Relay
Encoder
KJIST
CastBox
Relay
CastBox
Relay
Encoder
Zooin Net
CastBoxCombo
(Relay+ Manager)
CastBox
Relay
Encoder
Encoder
Chonnam Univ.
Encoder
Chungnam Univ.
APAN-KR TV homepage
“Cyber Performance Project (being
formed and proposed)”
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Joint Project between APANKR Overlay Multicast WG and
Ewha Womans University’s
Dance Performance Group.
SDTV/HDTV quality real-time
multicasting on KOREN.
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MPEG4-based SDTV quality
(for lower-bandwidth users)
Firewire DV (no delay, higher
bandwidth)
HDTV (option)
Demonstration at APAN Busan
Meetings? (2003 Aug.)
Neul-hwee dance performance group,
Ewha Womans Univ.
Digital Video over Next
Generation Internet [Hanss 01A]
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Advanced networks like APAN and Internet2 provide
testbeds for these innovative uses of digital video.
Colleges and universities are taking advantage of this
opportunity by making significant investments in
digital video applications.
Research, teaching, and learning can all benefit from
the uses of digital video in both collaboration and
information dissemination.
Although we cannot expect the technology to fully
stabilize anytime soon, wise investments will lead to
a better understanding of the future potential of
video-based applications.
Concluding Remarks
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Great Environment for exploring the future
Performance
Collaboration
Education
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Opportunities for both content providers and hardware /software
vendors.
Cooperation/Collaboration between
Universities, Internet Service Providers, Content Providers and Digital Video
Product Providers
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Domestic (APAN-KR) as well as International (APAN/Internet2)
cooperation/collaboration is compelling!!
As the bandwidth of International links have increased to multi-Gbps level.
Let’s Fill-up them and request more bandwidth proudly!! 
References
[Hanss 01 A] Ted Hanss, “Internet2 Digital Video”, VIDOS Advisory Committee,
Oxford University, Oxford, England, 2001.1.16
[Hanss 01 B] Ted Hanss, “Internet2 Killer App or Dilbert’s Nightmare?”, in
EDUCAUSE Review Volume 36, Number 3, May/June 2001.
[Hanss 01 C] Ted Hanss, “Introduction to Access Grid”, in EDUCAUSE 2001,
Indianapolis, IN, 2001.10.29
[Riddle 01] Bob Riddle, “Looking over the H.323 Hill”, 2001.5.9
[Chon 01 A] Kilnam Chon, “Internet : Next Steps”, KRNET 2001, 2001.6.27
[Chon 01 B] Kilnam Chon, “Asia-Pacific International Connections Updates”, CCIRN
2001, 2001.6.8-9
[Ogawa 01] Akimichi Ogawa and Katsushi Kobayashi, “DV over IP”,
APAN/NLANR/I2 Joint Tech Workshop, 2001. Jan.
[Jung 01] Kugsang Jung, “1394 Digital Video Reports”, APAN-KR 2001 Fall Meetings,
2001. 9.20
[Sul 01] Hong-ki Sul, “1394 DV on Windows”, APAN-KR 2001 Fall Meetings,
2001.9.20.
[Ahn 03] Sang-joon Ahn, “Cyber Performance Project”, Cyber performance project
kickoff meeting, 2003.1.16.
References
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ViDe
http://www.vide.net
SURA
http://www.sura.org
ResearchChannel
http://www.researchchannel.com
VRVS
http://www.vrvs.org
NLANR
http://www.nlanr.net
DVTS
http://www.sfc.wide.ad.jp/DVTS/
Internet2 DVI
http://dv.internet2.edu
DV over NGI http://cosmos.kaist.ac.kr/salab/project/hdtv
APAN-KR Internet TV (Overlay Multicast WG) http://tv.kr.apan..net
APAN-KR
http://kr.apan.net
For more information on APAN-KR Overlay Multicast WG and Internet TV
network,
please attend Multicast BoF (Thursday 14:00~15:30, Room A)
or contact WG chair, Joonbock Lee (jblee@cosmos.kaist.ac.kr)