The Commercial
Aviation Alternative
Fuels Initiative
(CAAFI)
Presented to: APEC Aviation Emissions Task Force
Singapore
By:
Kurt Edwards
Senior International Advisor
Office of Environment and Energy
Date:
September 15, 2009
Federal Aviation
Administration
Aviation Environmental Drivers
• Aviation impacts community noise footprints, air quality, water
quality, energy usage and availability, and the global climate.
• Trends show environmental impacts from aircraft noise and aviation
emissions will be a critical constraint on capacity growth.
• Fundamental changes ongoing from economic downturn, fuel costs,
and financial turmoil.
NOISE
AIR QUALITY
WATER QUALITY
ENERGY
GLOBAL CLIMATE
 The challenge is to ensure energy availability and affordability and reducing
aviation’s environmental footprint, even with projected aviation growth
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
September 15, 2009
Federal Aviation
Administration
2
Tackling Aviation Environmental Challenges
NextGen Vision
Provide environmental protection that
allows sustained aviation growth
Key Initiatives:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Continued Local Mitigation
Better Scientific Understanding
Accelerate Operational Changes
Mature New Aircraft Technology
Develop Alternative Fuels
Policy Options
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
September 15, 2009
Federal Aviation
Administration
3
U.S. Strategy to Reduce Aviation’s Carbon Footprint
(Relative CO2 increase)
growth w/ currently available
solutions
1.50
w/ operational improvements
w/ technology improvements
Possible standards?
w/ alternate fuels
1.00
carbon neutral growth
Market-based measures?
2005
2015
2025
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
September 15, 2009
Federal Aviation
Administration
4
The Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuel Initiative (CAAFI)
•
A consortium of government agencies, airlines,
manufacturers, airports, and current and prospective fuel
suppliers
•
Foster the development and deployment of alternative
jet fuels
•
Share Information and Coordinate research and
development of alternative jet fuels, including technical
specifications, environmental assessment, production and
distribution
•
To enhance energy security, aviation economics and
environment
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
September 15, 2009
Federal Aviation
Administration
5
Who is CAAFI?
Members
Aircraft OEMs
Aircraft Engine
OEMs
Aircraft
Equip Cos
NRC
Canada
ANP Brazil
Bauhaus
Aerospace
Industries
Association
Consultants
Universities
Think Tanks
Air Transport
Association
ATA
Air Cargo
Airlines
ACI
AIA
UK MoD
ICAO
IATA
NetJets
FAA
Federal Aviation
NIST
Administration
NASA
DESC
Sponsors
USAF
US Army
DARPA
USN USDA
DOE DOC
ALPA
Airports Council Airport
International – Operators
North America
ASTM
CRC
Oil
Companies
Bio-Fuels
Companies
Energy
Companies
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
September 15, 2009
Federal Aviation
Administration
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CAAFI Structure and Strategy
Certification-Qualification
Panel
Environmental Panel
Assess Impact
Enable Supply
R&D Panel
Generate
Ideas/Solutions
Business &
Economics Panel
Generate
Demand &
Target Funding
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
September 15, 2009
Federal Aviation
Administration
7
Fuel Certification Timeline
Hydrogenated
Renewable Jet (HRJ)
Fuel Evaluation
2008
2009
Hydrogenated
Renewable Jet
(HRJ) 100%
Fuel ASTM
Approval
Hydrogenated
Renewable Jet
(HRJ) 50% Blend
ASTM Approval
2010
2011
2012
2013
ASTM Approval of
Generic 50/50
Fischer-Tropsch
Blend
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
September 15, 2009
Federal Aviation
Administration
8
R&D: Feedstocks Roadmap
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
September 15, 2009
Federal Aviation
Administration
9
Three Successful HRJ Biojet Flight Programs
* Graphics Courtesy J. Holmgren, UOP
Feedstock:
Jatropha oil
• Successful ANZ Flight Demo Date:
December 30 2008
Feedstock:
Jatropha and algal oil
• Successful CO Flight Demo
Date: Jan. 7 2009
• Successful JAL Flight Demo
Date: Jan. 30 2009
Feedstock: Camelina,
Jatropha and algal oil
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
September 15, 2009
Federal Aviation
Administration
10
Environment: Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Need to determine “well-to-wake” life-cycle emissions
Fossil feedstock
Bio feedstock
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
September 15, 2009
Federal Aviation
Administration
11
Environment: Land Requirement for 2050 Aviation Biofuels
Need feedstocks with high yield and low life cycle emissions
that do not require arable land.
• Assessed fuel usage
projections - 2050 usage.
• Assessed land requirements to
replace conventional jet fuel
with 50/50 biofuel blend and
100% biofuel.
Source: GIACC/4 (2009). Subject to modification.
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
September 15, 2009
Federal Aviation
Administration
12
Business: Facilitating a Future Market
Morgan Stanley
OPIS (Oil Pricing)
Solarc (Taxes)
Colonial Pipeline
Magellan Pipeline
Kinder Morgan
Alt Fuel
Producers
Potential Funding
Sources
A2BE Carbon Capture
Adv Bio-Energy Tech’s
Agromass Biofuels
SASOL
Air BP
Shell
Amyris Biotech
Solazyme
Baard Energy
SolArc
Chevron
PetroSA
ConocoPhillips
Syntroleum
Neste Oil
UOP
Airlines &
Operators
ATA
ALPA
Alaska
American
Continental
Delta
FedEx
Airbus
Boeing
GE
PW
JetBlue
NetJets
Northwest
Southwest
Star Alliance
United
US Airways
UPS
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
September 15, 2009
Federal Aviation
Administration
13
Closing Thoughts
• Aviation dependent on hydrocarbon based liquid fuels
• Concentrated Airport Distribution allows rapid
deployment (e.g., 80% of fuel in 35 locations in U.S.)
• Timely Fuel Certification crucial for market
• Establishing GHG LCA crucial for decisions (policy and
investment)
• Alternative fuels are technically feasible but need to get
to deployment
• CAAFI helping to bring these pieces together
• Global harmonization key
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
September 15, 2009
Federal Aviation
Administration
14