Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
December 3-4 2007
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Why Retrofit an Existing Observatory
•
•
•
•
Change in Code Requirements
Change in Facility Requirements
Seismic Performance Requirements
Earthquake Damage
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
2
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Existing Building Seismic Performance Objectives
• Building codes are designed for Life Safety and not meant to
withstand an Earthquake
• An Observatory is designed to protect the Telescope and
Instruments
• What performance objectives was your Observatory designed
to?
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
3
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Seismic Retrofit Performance Objectives
• Immediate Occupancy: Minor damage and functionality
remains. Damage is easily and rapidly repaired
• Damage Control: Damage is localized reducing the cost of
recovery
• Observations resume within 24-hours after an Earthquake?
• One of a kind, critical equipment that has a long lead time to
replace must sustain only minor damage
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
4
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Seismic Retrofit Process
• Preliminary Study; How vulnerable is the Observatory and
Support Facilities?
• Identify the structural characteristics of the building
• Site seismic hazard analysis
• Site characteristics
• Occupancy requirements
• Building seismic performance goals
• Rehabilitation method
• Prioritize retrofit to budget constraints
What does it cost to do nothing?
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
6
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Seismic Retrofit Publications: ATC-14
• Published 1987
• First attempt at creating a
seismic evaluation tool
• Catalog of weak links
• Historic performance data
and observations
• Analysis based on ductility
of elements
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
7
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 178
• Published 1992
• Addition of nationwide consensus
methodology (NEHRP strength
design)
• Development of checklists
• Consensus process as a guideline
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
9
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Additional Performance Based Procedures
• “FEMA 74: Reducing the Risks of Nonstructural Earthquake
Damage, A Practical Guide, September 1994
• “FEMA 156 and 157: Typical Costs for the Seismic
Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings”, December 1994
• “FEMA 276: Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitations of
Buildings: Example Applications”, April 1999
• “FEMA 154: Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for Potential
Seismic Hazards, July 2005
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
11
Nonstructural Earthquake Damage: (FEMA 74)
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
• Nonstructural:
Everything in a building
except for columns,
floors, beams, etc.
– Building Utility Systems
– Architectural
Components
– Furniture and Contents
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
12
Earthquake Damage and Upgrade Details (FEMA 74)
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
• Diesel Fuel Tank
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
14
Earthquake Damage and Upgrade Details (FEMA 74)
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
• HVAC Equipment
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
15
Earthquake Damage and Upgrade Details (FEMA 74)
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
• Built-in Partial Height
Partition
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
16
Earthquake Damage and Upgrade Details (FEMA 74)
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
• Suspended T-Bar Ceilings
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
17
Earthquake Damage and Upgrade Details (FEMA 74)
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
• Large Computers and
Access Floors
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
18
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
• Published 2000
• Result of joint ASCE/FEMA
effort
• Performance-based methodology
• Multiple performance and
seismicity levels
• Expanded commentary
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
19
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
20
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
21
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
22
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
23
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
24
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
25
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
26
Conclusions
Jaunuary 26, 2005
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Observatories
• State-of-the-practice seismic standards and procedures that are:
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–
–
–
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Founded in the latest engineering principles
Generally applicable to all buildings
Complete and consistent
Written in mandatory code language
Validated through extensive research, testing and the consensus
process
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
•
La Serena, Chile
•
December 3-4 2007
27