SPACE EXPLORATION AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
Workshop – Washington D.C.
June 21-22, 2004
V/FLF 117/2004 - 01/06/2004 - P. 1
ESA
SNECMA,
THE AEROSPACE PROPULSION
AND EQUIPMENT GROUP
6,431 Millions of euros in 2003
Workforce : 39,695 (3237 in North America)
62% Propulsion
77% Commercial
55% Europe
38% Equipment
23% Military
27%
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USA
SNECMA SPACE AND MISSILE ACTIVITIES
M51
 Liquid & Solid Propulsion for launchers
 Propulsion & Equipment for satellites
 Solid Propulsion for ballistic & tactical missiles
Thermostructural composite materials
MPS ARIANE
PPS 1350
VINCI
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VULCAIN 2
RL10 B2
SNECMA POWERS SMART 1 PROBE TO THE MOON
The PPS 1350 Hall effect thruster built by Snecma Moteurs started to power
SMART 1 to the Moon on September 30, 2003.
Currently it has accumulated 2400 hours or firing and will reach the Moon orbit
in September 2004 (after3500h of firing)
After the first ignition, the thruster has been fired almost
continuously to raise the orbit perigee.
Then, the apogee is gradually increased until the spacecraft
is captured by the Moon’s gravity
From Earth to the Moon: 380 000 km with solar energy and 82 kg of Xenon
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A long time partnership with General Electric in aircraft engines
CFM56
CF6
Snecma Moteurs:
makes 10% of CF6-80C
20% of CF6-80E
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CFM56
50-50 JV
Snecma Moteurs/GEAE
GE90 & GE90-115B
Snecma Moteurs:
makes 23.5% of GE90
23.7% of GE90-115B
Snecma Moteurs is leading a European cooperation for the
Ariane cryogenic Engines
Purge valve
Gimbal,
Thermal protection
Meggitt
Snecma
Moteurs
Flexible hose
Gas generator,
Valve generator
Avio
Support
OxygenTP
Snecma
Moteurs
Oxygen turbine
HydrogenTP
Hydorgen turbine
Hot gas valve
APP
EADS
Starter, igniters
Chamber
Snecma
Moteurs
Oxygen supply line,
Hydrogen supply line
Sensors
Electrovalve unit
Vulcain 2
Nozzle
Chamber valve
Sensors
Snecma
Moteurs
Sensors
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Sensors
SM146 - A new cooperation with Russia
50-50 JV
&
SM146
Powering Sukhoi RRJ
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C/C Nozzle for RL10-B2 Pratt & Whitney Engine
• Lightweight Carbon/Carbon deployable
nozzle
•Design by SPS in close cooperation
with P & W - Production by SPS
• Snecma Propulsion Solide :
Composite Technologies & Facilities in
Bordeaux (France)
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THE CASE OF SPW 2000 COOPERATION FAILURE
• Attempt in 1999/2000 to join Vinci and RL-60 engines into one program aimed
at developing a single engine for upper stages in the US (Atlas & Delta) and in
Europe (Ariane)
• Development cost shared between P&W and ESA
• Global Development & Production costs expected to be lower because of sharing
facilities, expertise, technologies,…and having higher production rate (larger
market)
• P&W in the US and Snecma in Europe leading the usual partners in ESA countries
• License obtained quickly from US government with some provisos related to
export control
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THE CASE OF SPW 2000 COOPERATION FAILURE
Lessons learned
• Geographic return rules of ESA are difficult to conciliate with transatlantic
cooperation
• The Vinci program was already started by ESA (with European participating
countries contributions and returns) when the SPW2000 was initiated
• European concerns over US Government policies (provisos) that could have led to
future export licence restrictions for Ariane
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MAIN FEATURES OF EUROPEAN SPACE COOPERATION
COOPERATION WITHIN EUROPE IS SPECIFIC :
• EUROPEAN STRATEGY OF INDEPENDANT ACCESS TO SPACE
• BUILT OVER DECADES FOR ARIANE PROGRAMS
• HAS INVOLVED MORE AND MORE COUNTRIES / COMPANIES FROM THE
BEGINNING
• GEOGRAPHICAL RETURN RULES
• HAS CONSTRUCTED OVER THE YEARS SOME “SPECIALTIES” DISTRIBUTION OF
TECHNICAL & INDUSTRIAL BASIS IN EUROPE WITH IMPORTANT INVESTMENTS
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CONCLUDING REMARKS (1)
• SOME ” SUCCESS “ FACTORS :
• POLITICAL SUPPORT
• STRONG ORGANIZATION FOR MANAGEMENT :
• STRONG AND CLEAR RESPONSABILITY/MANAGEMENT AT SYSTEM LEVEL
• CLEAR REQUIREMENTS /SPECIFICATIONS WITH INVOLVEMENT OF INDUSTRY
• “REASONABLE” TECHNICAL CHOICES BASED ON PREPARATORY PHASES
• STANDARDIZED MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES, INCLUDING QUALITY
• COST CONTROL AND DESIGN-TO-COST APPROACH
• REALISTIC BUDGET REQUIREMENT
• NEED TO INVOLVE INDUSTRY NOT ONLY IN DEMONSTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT
BUT ALSO IN PRODUCTION (RETURN ON INVESTMENT)
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CONCLUDING REMARKS (2)
SNECMA HAS A NUMBER OF PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES THAT COULD
SERVE SPACE EXPLORATION:
• SOLID
AND LIQUID ENGINES
• ELECTRIC PROPULSION
• ADVANCED HOT STRUCTURES
• SPACE EQUIPMENT
IN THE FRAME OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF COOPERATION…
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VINCI : A HIGH PERFORMANCE, FLEXIBLE, MULTI-PURPOSE
ENGINE
• LAUNCHERS UPPER STAGES : ARIANE, DELTA, ATLAS,…
• SPACE VEHICLES FOR MOON & MARS MISSIONS, SPACE TUGS,…
• DERIVATIVES WITH OTHER PROPELLANTS (LOX/METHANE,…)
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