Nomenclature Notes
Learning Check
Identify the following as covalent(M), ionic(I), or acid(A) bonding:
NH4HCO3 ____________
Zn(NO3)2 ____________
CO
________________
KBrO3 ________________
CuI ________________
HF
________________
SF2 ________________
HNO3________________
N2O ________________
Cu2O ________________
CaBr2 ________________
Ba3(PO4)2 ______________
Molecular Compounds
Formed by:
• 2 or more nonmetals sharing electrons
Naming Steps
1. Name first nonmetal with prefix
IF subscript > 1
2. Name second nonmetal with prefix
ALWAYS & change suffix to –ide
Prefixes
Mono = 1
Tetra = 4
Hepta = 7
Di = 2
Penta = 5
Octa = 8
Tri = 3
Hexa = 6
Nona = 9
Deca = 10
Formulas
• Translate prefixes, prefix = subscript
Examples:
N2O = Dinitrogen monoxide
dihydrogen monoxide = H2O
Si8O5 = Octasilicon pentoxide
tetrasulfur hexachloride = S4Cl6
NH3 = Nitrogen trihydride
carbon monoxide = CO
P3I10 = Triphosphorus deciodide
carbon dioxide = CO2
Learning Check - Covalent Bonding
• Write the names for the
following covalent
molecules:
P4S5
________________________
SeF6
________________________
Si2Br6
________________________
SCl4
________________________
B2Si
________________________
• Write the formulas for the
following covalent
molecules:
• antimony tribromide
____________________
• hexaboron monosilicide
__________________
• hydrogen moniodide
_____________________
• iodine pentafluoride
_____________________
• dinitrogen trioxide
______________________
•
•
•
•
•
Ionic Bonding – Naming
Compounds
Formed by:
Metal transferring e- to nonmetal
cation: positive ion formed by metal losing eanion: negative ion formed by nonmetal gaining eoppositely charged cation and anion attract to form ionic bond
Ions Formed
0
+1
+3 ±4 -3 -2 -1
+2
varies
Naming Ionic Compounds
Naming Steps
1. Name cation first
2. Give cation roman numeral indicating value of charge I, II, III, IV, V, VI, …
 EXCEPTIONS: the following metals DO NOT receive a roman numeral Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum, silver, zinc, cadmium
 Reverse criss-cross & raise
3. Name anion with –ide suffix
– EXCEPTIONS: polyatomic ion names are not altered
Examples:
NaCl = sodium chloride
KNO3 = potassium nitrate
MgBr2 = magnesium bromide
CuO = copper (II) oxide
Li2SO4 = lithium sulfate
Cu2O = copper (I) oxide
K3N = potassium nitride
SnS2 = tin (IV) sulfide
Learning Check - Ionic
Bonding
• Write the names for the following ionic
compounds:
• SrS _____________________________
• Cu2S ____________________________
• Be(OH)2 __________________________
• K2CO3 ____________________________
• Mn(NO3)3 _________________________
Formulas
1. Write symbol and charge on cation
 Roman numeral = charge

EXCEPTIONS: the following metals only have one charge possible alkali metals +1, alkaline
earth metals +2, aluminum +3, silver +1, zinc+2, cadmium +2
2. Write symbol and charge on anion
3. Select subscript* that makes lowest ratio of charges so,
TOTAL POSITIVE CHARGE = TOTAL NEGATIVE CHARGE
 criss-cross & reduce
*formula of polyatomic ion formula in parentheses & subscript outside of
parentheses
+1
-2
+3
-2
+1
Na
O
Al
S
K
SO4-2
Examples:
Sodium Oxide
Aluminum Sulfide
Potassium Sulfate
Na2O
NH4+1
PO4-3
Ammonium Phosphate
Al2S3
K2SO4
(NH4)3PO4
+2
-2
Co
O
cobalt(II) oxide
CoO
+2
-1
Cu
OH
copper(II) hydroxide
Cu(OH)2
+2
Fe
PO4-3
Iron(II) phosphate
Fe3(PO4)2
Learning Check - Ionic
Bonding
Write the formulas for the following ionic
compounds:
•
•
•
•
•
potassium fluoride ______________________
magnesium iodide ______________________
ammonium sulfate ______________________
lead (II) nitrite _________________________
lead (IV) sulfite _________________________
Naming Acids
Formed by:
• H+ bonding with anion
Naming
Determined by anion
• Anion without oxygen:
hydro-[root]-ic acid
• Anion with oxygen & –ate suffix:
[root]-ic acid
• Anion with oxygen & –ite suffix:
[root]-ous acid
Formulas
• Translate anion from suffix and
prefix
• Write H+ with anion
Select subscript that makes lowest ratio
of charges so, TOTAL POSITIVE
CHARGE = TOTAL NEGATIVE
CHARGE
•
criss-cross & reduce
HCl = Hydrochloric acid
hydroiodic acid = HI
HClO3 = Chloric acid
hydronitric acid = H3N
HClO4 = Perchloric acid
nitric acid = HNO3
HClO2 = Chlorous acid
nitrous acid = HNO2
HClO = hypochlorous acid
sulfuric acid = H2SO4
Learning Check – Acid Bonding
•
Write the names for the
following acids:
•
H3PO3
___________________________
HClO2
___________________________
H2Te
___________________________
HCl
___________________________
HBr
___________________________
•
•
•
•
• Write the formulas for the
following acids:
• hydrocyanic acid
________________________
• hydrofluoric acid
________________________
• phosphoric acid
________________________
• sulfuric acid
________________________
• sulfurous acid
________________________