Chapter 4
Job Analysis and Job Design
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Job versus Positions
Job Analysis
Data Sources and Data-Collection Methods
Job Analysis and HR
Legal Aspects of Job Specifications
The Changing Environmental
Job Design
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Job Analysis
• Cornerstone of SHRM
• The process of obtaining information about jobs by
determining the job’s duties, tasks, and activities
• Foundation of job description and job specifications
• Job description: summary of tasks, duties, and
responsibilities
• Job specification: personal qualifications required to
perform the above duties and responsibilities
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Data Sources and Methods
• Data sources include the job analyst, the
employee, and the supervisor
• Methods of data collection: observation,
interview, questionnaire, job performance,
employee diary, technical conference,
competency model, and the Occupational
Information Network
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press
Job Analysis and HR
• Job analysis is the foundation for all HR activities.
• Identify necessary skills and job relatedness for recruitment
and retention.
• Determine the relative worth of jobs.
• Determine training.
• Assess relevant job functions for performance appraisal.
• Legal basis and defense for managing HR functions.
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press
The Changing Environment
• Future-oriented job analysis
• Competency-based job analysis
• General job analysis
• Flexible and complex jobs require broader
capabilities (i.e., intelligence, adaptability, and
teamwork).
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press
Job Design
• The process of structuring jobs to enhance efficiency and job satisfaction
• Increased job specialization in healthcare
• Job enlargement: increasing the scope of jobs to provide greater variety
(horizontal expansion)
• Job enrichment: increasing autonomy and responsibility (vertical
expansion)
• Employee empowerment: allowing decisions to be made by those closest
to the work
• Work group redesign: different team structures
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press
Work Schedule Redesign
• Compressed workweek and reduction in the number of workdays
while increasing the hours worked per day
• Flextime: flexible employee starting and ending times
• Job sharing: two part-time employees sharing one full-time job
• Telecommuting: performing work away from the office through the
use of technology
• Contingent workers: independently contracted and on-call workers
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press