BEWARE: This game alone will not prepare you for all
topics on the exam. Also, use the midterm sem1 2015
jeopardy parts 2 and 3.
Note that the jeopardy games do not cover
topics of enzymes or DNA expression.
These are covered in a second jeopardy
game.
Midterm Exam Review, 2015: Jeopardy, Double & Final Jeopardy
Kingdoms &
Life
Cells
Cell Energy
Transport
DNA
structure
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FINAL ROUND
SWK/Life:
$100 Question
The statement “If the students are given
candy then they will do well on the final
exam” is an example of this.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
SWK/Life:
$100 Answer
If/then prediction
(hypothesis would state: Students
knowing candy will be given as a reward
for a passing test score will earn passing
scores more often than students NOT
being told about a reward.)
BACK TO GAME
SWK/Life:
$200 Question
These are the 7 characteristics of life.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
SWK/Life:
$200 Answer
Reproduction
Heredity/presence of DNA
Evolution/adaptation
Growth and Development
Metabolism/chemical reactions & energy
conversions
Homeostasis
Cellular Organization
BACK TO GAME
SWK/Life:
$300 Question
This characteristic describes when a
population of a species of organisms
changes over time due to highest rates
of reproduction of best adapted
individuals.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Passive :
$300 Answer
Evolution
BACK TO GAME
SWK/Life:
$400 Question
Which two Kingdoms contain prokaryotic
cells?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
SWK/Life:
$400 Answer
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
BACK TO GAME
SWK/Life:
$500 Question
List the four Kingdoms that have
eukaryotic cells.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
SWk/Life:
$500 Answer
Fungi, Plant, Animal, Protist
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$100 Question
This is the part of a eukaryotic cell where
DNA is stored.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$100 Answer
The Nucleus
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$200 Question
Which organelle is responsible for protein
synthesis in both prokaryotes and
eukaryotes?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$200 Answer
Ribosomes ( on the rough ER and loose in
the cytoplasm)
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$300 Question
Which organelle contains digestive
enzymes and cleans up the cell by
“eating” old dead cell parts so that they
can be recycled?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$300 Answer
Lysosomes
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$400 Question
Which eukaryotic cell organelle modifies
proteins or lipids, then packages them
into transport vesicles that are often
transported to the cell membrane for
export?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$400 Answer
Golgi Apparatus
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$500 Question
What theory attempts to explain how
eukaryotic cells developed? Describe the
fundamentals of the theory.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$500 Answer
Endosymbiosis - prokaryotic cells
combined (through endocytosis or
through symbiosis) and ended up
forming the membrane bound organelles
(especially mitochondria and
chloroplasts) in eukaryotic cells.
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$100 Question
This is the source of all energy in
our food chain.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$100 Answer
Sunlight
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$200 Question
This is the most important reason that all
Organisms must carry out cell respiration,
Even autotrophs.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$200 Answer
Making or charging ATP
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$300 Question
These are the balanced chemical
equations for photosynthesis and
cellular respiration.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$300 Answer
Cellular Respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$400 Question
These are the reactants and products of
the light-independent reactions (also
called dark reactions or the Calvin
Cycle) of photosynthesis.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$400 Answer
Reactants: NADPH, CO2 and ATP
NADPH carries electrons & protons that
combine with carbon dioxide to produce sugars;
producing sugars is endothermic, so ATP provides the
energy that must be absorbed.
Products: carbohydrates, NADP+, ADP,
Phosphate
NADP+ will be recharged during the next light
reaction cycle when it accepts electrons & protons
released when water is split; energy of sunlight is
used in the endotermic regeneration of ATP from
BACK TO GAME
ADP & phosphate
Cell Energy
500
This process allows the human muscle
cells to produce ATP when there is not
enough oxygen for aerobic respiration.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy
500
Lactic Acid Fermentation
this process regenerates NAD+
necessary to allow repeated
cycles of anaerobic glycolysis—
fermentation DOES NOT allow
the cell to extract any more
energy than glycolysis alone
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$100 Question
These molecules are the main building
blocks of the cell membrane. They are
both polar and non-polar.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$100 Answer
Phosphate Head –
Polar, Hydrophilic
Phospholipids
Lipid Tail –
Nonpolar,
Hydrophobic
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$200 Question
This is the passive transport of water from
an area of higher to lower water
concentration across a semi-permeable
membrane. Another way to think of this
is movement of water from a region
where solute concentration is higher to
where it is lower.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$200 Answer
Osmosis
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$300 Question
This is the hydrophobic part of the cell
membrane. Explain…
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$300 Answer
The lipid tails of the phospholipids in the
center of the phospholipid bilayer are
non-polar, making them hydrophobic.
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$400 Question
Refer to the dual nature of the
phospholipid bilayer to explain why
water doesn’t freely flow across the
membrane, but rather requires passage
through aquaporin channels.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$400 Answer
Water is a polar molecule (unequal
distribution of electrons). This means
water molecules are unable to pass
through the non-polar fatty acid lipid tails
in the cell membrane. Aquaporins
(protein channels) are integrated into the
cell membrane and allow water to pass
without requiring contact with the
hydrophobic membrane core..
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$500 Question
A cell has 10% solute in its cytoplasm. If it
is bathed in an environment solution
having 5% solute, is the environment:
a hypotonic environment
b isotonic environment
c hypertonic environment
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$500 Answer
A) Hypotonic – there is more water (95%)
outside than inside the cell (90%).
Therefore water will flow into the cell.
remember hypo- means “too little”&
–tonic means “solute to be at
Solute
equilibrium” 5%
95% Water
10% Solute
90% Water
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$100 Question
What is the name of the monomer that
makes up DNA, as well as the type of
polymers than include DNA?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$100 Answer
Monomer: deoxyribonucleotide
Polymer: Nucleic Acid
BACK TO GAME
DNA / Protein Synth:
$200 Question
What are the three parts of every
deoxyribonucleotide in deoxyribonucleic
acid?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$200 Answer
Deoxyribose sugar, phoshate group, and
nitrogenous base
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$300 Question
What are the names of the 4 possible
nitrogenous bases in
deoxyribonucleotides?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$300 Answer
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G),
cytosine (C)
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$400 Question
What parts of DNA make up the covalently
bonded backbone of each side of the
double helix? What parts center rungs
where the two halves of the helix are
joined by weaker hydrogen bonds?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$400 Answer
alternating deoxyribose sugars and
phosphate groups make up the
backbone, while complementary base
paired nitrogen bases form the rungs
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$500 Question
The double stranded DNA molecule is
“anti-parallel” in orientation and held
together by “complementary base
pairing”. What does this mean?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$500 Answer
Anti-parallel means that One strand is
oriented with the phosphate on the same
end where the other strand ends in a
deoxyribose sugar (they face opposite
directions; complementary base pairing
means that A pairs with T, while C pairs
with G.
BACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND Question
Draw and label a diagram that shows
how photosynthesis and cell respiration
are interdependent within the biosphere.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND, Jeopardy, Question
BACK TO GAME
Double Jeopardy Midterm December, 2015, Review
Kingdoms &
Life
Cells
Cell Energy
Transport
DNA
structure
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FINAL ROUND
SWK/Life:
$200 Question
What is the difference between everyday
use of the word theory versus the scientific
use of the word theory.?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
SWK/Life:
$200 Answer
In everyday language, “theory” refers to an
idea that has not been tested and is not
supported by evidence; in science,
“theory” refers to an idea that has been
tested many times by many scientists
and is supported by abundant, replicable
evidence.
BACK TO GAME
SWK/Life:
$400 Question
Which characteristic of life is the
requirement of every organism for
chemical reactions and energy
conversions?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
SWK/Life:
$400 Answer
Metabolism—the term metabolism also
means all of the chemical reactions of a
cell, some of which are energy releasing
(exothermic) and some of which are
energy absorbing (endothermic)
BACK TO GAME
SWK/Life:
$600 Question
Which characteristic of life refers to the
genetically-controlled predictable
changes that occur between birth and
death?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Passive :
$600 Answer
Growth and development
BACK TO GAME
SWK/Life:
$800 Question
Which two kingdoms contain cells having
neither a nucleus or membrane bound
organelles?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
SWK/Life:
$800 Answer
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
BACK TO GAME
SWK/Life:
$1000 Question
Which kingdom contains eukaryotic
heterotrophs whose cells contain neither
chloroplasts, large central vacuoles, nor
cell walls?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
SWk/Life:
$1000 Answer
Animalia (animal)
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$200 Question
This is the part of autotrophic eukaryotic
cells where photosynthesis occurs.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$200 Answer
chlorophlasts
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$400 Question
What part of a cell provides a framework
for it’s shape, allows it to move, and
provides a system of highways along
which transport vesicles and organelles
are moved through the cytoplasm.?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$400 Answer
cytoskeletal proteins in the cytoplasm
(and for cell movement, also those in the
flagella and cilia of some cells)
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$600 Question
Which organelle is located inside the
nucleus and is the site of assembly of
ribosome subunits that are later shipped
to the cytoplasm?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$600 Answer
nucleolus
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$800 Question
Name three organelles that are directly
involved of synthesis, then modification
and transport, of proteins—like
hormones—that are exported out of the
cell.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$800 Answer
1st the ribosome translates the messenger
RNA,
2nd the rough endoplasmic reticulum
packages some proteins into transport
vesicles that will either be shipped to
other organelles or to the golgi,
3rd some of the proteins in the RER
produced transport vesicles are further
processed in the golgi so that they will
exit the cell via exocytosis
BACK TO GAME
Cells:
$1000 Question
Which kingdom includes prokaryotic
extremophiles, such as halophiles that live
in very salty water, thermophiles that live
in hot water, and acidophiles that live in
acid bogs?.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$1000 Answer
Archaebacteria.
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$200 Question
Prokaryotes do not contain any membrane
bound organelles, not ever chloroplasts
and mitochondria.
Do heterotrophic bacteria carry out cell
respiration?
Do autotrophic bacteria carry out cell
respiration, photosynthesis, neither
process or both processes?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$200 Answer
All cells require ATP, so all cells carry out cell
respiration; in prokaryotes, the process is a
little different than in eukaryotes. All
photosynthetic autotrophs require the
chemical reactions of photosynthesis, but the
process is a little different in prokaryotes; all
autotrophic bacteria also require cell
respiration, but again, the process is a little
different versus eukaryotes.
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$400 Question
Describe the ATP cycle, showing how
cells use it both to store energy in ATP
and to release energy from ATP to do
cell work.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$400 Answer
ATP  energy for cell work & some heat
+
ADP + phosphate
ADP + phosphate + energy released
from organic compounds during cell
respiration  ATP
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$600 Question
Combustion is described by the same
chemical reaction as aerobic cellular
respiration. Why would cellular
combustion kill cells, whereas aerobic
cell respiration is required for cell
survival?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$600 Answer
Aerobic Cellular Respiration—many different chemical
reactions serves as steps gradually releasing the
chemical potential energy of organic compounds
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 34ATP + some heat
released gradually over several different steps
NOT enough heat is released to denature enzymes
Combustion—a single chemical reactions
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + heat only, all of
which is released simultaneously
The temperature rises to above the point at which
enzymes would denature, killing cells.
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$800 Question
Which phase of the process of
photosynthesis splits water to release
oxygen? _____ Which phase absorbs
Carbon dioxide, then uses it to build
carbohydrates? ______
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy:
$800 Answer
Light dependent phase in thylakoids slits
water, releases oxygen gas, loads
energy rich electrons onto electron
carrier NADP+, and traps energy of
sunlight in ATP
Light independent/dark reactions/calvin
cycle in stroma use energy of ATP,
electrons and protons of NADPH, and
Carbon dioxide to build sugars
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy
$1000
What are the two types of fermentation,
and what type of organisms carry out
each type?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Cell Energy
$1000
Lactic Acid Fermentation—bacteria and
mammal muscle; alcoholic
fermentation—yeasts which are
unicelluar fungi
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$200 Question
Name the three types of passive transport
across cell membranes, and explain how
these are similar and different.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$200 Answer
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
osmosis
Requires no transport
protein
Requires solute-specific Requires aquaporin
channel or pore protein channel proteins
Moves small,
uncharged solutes
directly between
phospholipid molecules
in the bilayer
Moves large or charged
solutes through
openings inside
transport proteins—
each channel only fits a
particular solute
Moves water only
through the opening in
aquaporin channel
Moves solute down the
concentration gradient,
from higher to lower
concentration


cell approaches
equilibrium (= solute
concentration


BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$400 Question
Compare similarities and differences of
active transport and facilitated diffusion.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$400 Answer
Active transport of solute
Facilitated diffusion of solute
Requires a solute-specific
membrane transport protein called a
pump OR motor proteins for
exocytosis and endocytosis
Requires a solute-specific
membrane transport protein called a
channel or pore
Cell expends its own energy to
power the process, usually ATP
Cell does not expend energy; conc
gradient collapse fuels process
Moves cell away from conc equilibr
Moves cell towards conc equilibrium
Solutes move from lower to higher
concentrn, up/against conc gradient
Solutes move from higher to lower
conc’n, Down/With conc’n gradient
Includes exocytosis that uses motor
proteins/ATP to move vesicles filled
w/ large amounts material (or large
particles) for release out of cell OR
endocytosis that pinches in vesicles
Works only with solutes small
enough to pass through a transport
protein; is not a form of bulk
transport
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$600 Question
These are proteins that extend outwards
from the cell membrane and into the
surrounding environment; on their
external surfaces, many of these
proteins have attached carbohydrate
chains.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$600 Answer
Cell identification molecules
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$800 Question
What is different about a peripheral
membrane protein versus an integral
membrane protein?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$800 Answer
Peripheral membrane proteins are
attached to either the cytoplasmic or the
extracellular face of the plasma
membrane, whereas integral membrane
proteins extend all the way from one
face to the other.
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$1000 Question
Why is it necessary to define both the
tonicity (relative solute concentrations) of
the cell’s cytoplasm AND the solution in
the cell’s environment unless the cell is
at osmotic equilibrium?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Transport:
$1000 Answer
Unless cell is at osmotic equilibrium
(isotonic, with equal internal & external
solute concentrations), either the cell will be
hypertonic & the environment hypotonic or
visa versa (because osmosis is fueled by
conversion of potential energy as solute
moves down its concentration gradient)
5% Solute
95% Water
hypotonic environment
10% Solute
90% Water
Hypertonic
cytoplasm
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$200 Question
Long before the discovery of DNA’s
structure, scientists had discovered that
the nucleus contains the genetic material
of a cell, as well as that nuclei contain
both DNA and protein. What scientists
discovered that the genetic material is
DNA, not protein?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$200 Answer
Avery and his collaborators were able to
transform (change the traits) of a
species of bacteria, changing it from a
harmless strain to one that kills mice due
to pneumonia, simply by adding the killer
cell DNA to live harmless cells. Adding
the proteins of the killer cells did not
transform the cells.
BACK TO GAME
DNA / Protein Synth:
$400 Question
What scientist contributed the knowledge
that showed %C =%G, while %A=%T?
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$400 Answer
Chargaff isolated DNA, then analyzed it biochemically.
He found that the DNA contained nitrogenous bases
A, T, C, and G, the four of which comprised 100% of
the Nitrogenous bases in DNA. He also found that if
C is present at 30%, then G is present at 30%, and T
will be present at 20% and A at 20%.
(other scientists who made major contributions to the
discovery of DNA structure were:
Franklin—Xray of DNA showed that it was a double
helix; Watson and Crick—built model matching today’s
current description of DNA structure by synthesizing
data generated by Chargaff, Franklin, and others)
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$600 Question
Compare and contrast the structures of
DNA and RNA.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$600 Answer
DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA-ribonucleic acid
Monomers—deoxyribonucleotides
having the sugar deoxyribose,
phosphate, and nitrogenous base
Monomers—ribonucleotides having
the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate,
and nitrogenous base
Nitrogenous bases: A T C G
Nitrogenous bases: A U C G
Double stranded
Single stranded
One type
Several types, including mRNA,
tRNA, rRNA
Contains introns in eukaryotes
Does not contain introns
Made by replication
Made by transcription
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$800 Question
Name the complementary base pairs of:
DNA bonded to DNA
DNA bonded to RNA
RNA bonded to RNA
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$800 Answer
DNA bonded to DNA
A to T, C to G, T to A, G to C
DNA bonded to RNA
A to U, C to G, T to A, G to C
RNA bonded to RNA
U to A, C to G, A to U, G to C
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$1000 Question
Describe 2 major classes of point
mutations, and explain how each
impacts the structure of DNA.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
DNA:
$1000 Answer
Point mutations are single nucleotide alterations in
DNA’s deoxyribonucleotide sequence. These may
arise due to errors during DNA replication OR due to
DNA damage/faulty repair after exposure to
mutagens. Substitution point mutations result in
replacement of a nucleotide with another (like
changing an A to a C), whereas frameshift mutations
result from insertion of extra nucleotides OR deletion
of nucleotides. These insertions and deletions alter
the combination of nucleotides into codons.
BACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND Question
Explain the difference between an
“expressed mutation” and a silent
mutation.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND Answer
Silent mutations
Expressed mutations
Either result from changes in
sequence in DNA lying
between genes OR lying within
noncoding introns of genes
OR
Result from changes in DNA
sequence that alter the amino
acid coding of the gene. So,
the protein coded has the
wrong amino acid sequence
and therefore also the wrong
shape and altered function.
Due to substitution mutations
that switch one codon for
another codon that codes for
the same amino acid.
Some expressed mutations affect
noncoding parts of genes involved in
regulating which cells express the gene,
when cells make the protein, or how
much protein they make.
In either case, then change in
DNA does not result in the
amino acid sequence of a
protein; so the protein coded
by the gene experiences no
change in shape or function.
BACK TO GAME
$2000 question
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells. List at least 4
similarities and 4 differences.
ANSWER
$2000 Answer
Prokaryotes
Evolutionarily older—the
ancestors of eukaryotes
Eukaryotes
Evolutionarily newer—
descendents of
prokaryotes
•No nucleus
•Nucleus
•Smaller and simpler
cells
•No membrane bound
organelles
Example: Eubacteria
and Archaebacteria
•Larger and more
complex cells
•Have membrane bound
organelles
Examples:
•Plants
•Animals
•Fungi
•Protists
Both
Grow & develop
•Living things
Made of cells
•DNA is genetic or
hereditary
•Ribosomes
•Cytoplasm
•Cell membrane
carry out metabolism
Reproduce by division
Respond to stimuli
Maintain homeostasis
Adapt, evolve
BACK TO GAME