Types of
Bonds
Ionic
Metallic
Covalent
• Forming Bonds Release Energy
• Atoms are more stable when they are bonded,
so energy is released into the system.
• Breaking Bonds Absorbs energy
• Atoms are less stable when they exist alone, so
energy is absorbed to break the bonds.
Ionic Compounds
Types of
bonding
Ionic
Metallic
• Ionic Compounds:
• Are usually composed of metal cations and non metal anions
• Although they are composed of ions they are electrically neutral
(no charge)
Covalent
Ionic Bonds
Types of
bonding
Ionic
Metallic
• Opposite charges attract
• Cations(+) and Anions (-) come together to form
ionic bonds.
• They are not actually bonded, the electrostatic
forces (positive and negative charges) are drawn
together.
Covalent
Table Salt… Really?
• Watch this
Na+[Cl-] in water
• Now watch this
Na Atom in water
Types of
bonding
Ionic
Properties of Ionic Compounds
• Most Ionic compounds are crystalline solid at
room temperature.
• Exist as 3D-patterns called a lattice
• Ionic Compounds are stable because of the
balance between positive (+) charges and
negative (-) charges.
• Ionic compounds generally have high melting
points.
• When melted or dissolved in water ionic
compounds conduct an electric current.
Metallic
Covalent
Ionic Bonding: Thinking
Deeper
Types of
bonding
Ionic
• Using valance electrons you can see how
ionic bonds are created.
Na
Cl
Metallic
Covalent
Puzzle Pieces of the World
Types of
bonding
Ionic
• What would you do if charges differed?
K
S
Ca
HCO
Metallic
Covalent
How does differing charges
work?
S
K
K
Types of
bonding
Ionic
Metallic
Covalent
Try it!
• Lithium Oxide
• Barium Chloride
Types of
bonding
Ionic
Metallic
Covalent
Types of
bonding
Using Words to Create Letters
• What if you are given names of ionic compounds? What
would you do?
• Would you call your mom?
• Would you ask Siri?
• Would you refer to the NYS Chemistry Reference Table (2002,
2006, 2011 edition)?
• GO TO TABLE____
Ionic
Metallic
Covalent
Types of
Bonds
Ionic
Metallic
Covalent
Metallic Bonding
• Metals are made up of closely packed cations
rather than neutral atoms.
• The valance electrons of metal atoms can be
modeled as a sea of electrons
• This means that valance electrons are mobile and
are free to drift from one part of the metal to the
next
Types of
Bonds
Ionic
Metallic
Covalent
Properties of Metallic
Bonding
Types of
Bonds
Ionic
Understanding the “Sea of electrons” will explain
the properties of this type of bond.
• Metals are:
• Good conductors of electricity
• Because electrons (negative particles) are able to
flow freely
Metallic
Cova
Properties of Metallic
Bonding (II)
Types of
Bonds
Ionic
Metallic
• Metals are ductile (formed into wire) and
malleable (hammered or bent without breaking)
• Because the positive and negative charges flow freely
they do not repel
Covalent