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Diversity Three Domains of Living Things The Tree of Life The Three Domains of Life Represent the Earliest Branches in Evolutionary History Bacteria Archaea Protists: Algae Photosynthetic Using Chloroplasts Single-celled Algae Euglenoids have a single flagellum Dinoflagellates move with two whiplike flagella. Diatoms have silica shells. Protists: Algae Photosynthetic Using Chloroplasts Multicellular Algae Fungus-Like Protists Heterotrophic by Absorption Water mold Slime mold Animal-Like Protists: Protozoa •Heterotrophic by Ingestion •Distinguished by Locomotion Sporozoans have no means of locomotion Sarcodines move with pseudopodia Animal-Like Protists: Protozoa •Heterotrophic by Ingestion •Distinguished by Locomotion Zooflagellates use flagella for movement. Ciliates use cilia for movement. Zygote Fungi • Live in soil and on decaying plant matter • Zygoporangia = reproductive structures producing spores Sac Fungi • Ascus = sac that surrounds spores Club Fungi • Basidium = club-shaped reproductive structure that produces spores Imperfect Fungi • Sexual reproduction has not been observed Tracheophytes Bryophytes Evolutionary Tree Liver- Mosses Ferns Gymno- Angioworts sperms sperms of Major Plant Bryophyta Pterophyta Conifero- Anthophyta Groups phyta Seed Plants Flowers & Fruits appear True vascular tissue & lignin appear Seeds and Ancestral Algae pollen appear Shows increasing adaptations for land dwelling Mosses Ferns Gymnosperms Seed Plants without Flowers Angiosperms Flowering Plants Categories of Angiosperms Evolutionary Developments Leading to Present-Day Animal Phyla Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups P. Cnidaria corals tissues Protist Ancestor P. Poriphera sponges Phylum Porifera Sponges Phylum Cnidaria Coral, Hydra, Anemones and Jellyfish Body Symmetry Body Plans Diploblastic Triploblastic Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups P. Cnidaria corals triploblastic bilateral symmetry cephalization tissues Protist Ancestor P. Platyhelminthes flatworms P. Poriphera sponges Body Plan Developments Cephalization Segmentation Phylum Platyhelminthes Tapeworms, Flukes , Flatworms Phylum Nematoda Roundworms Phylum Annelida Segmented Worms Body Cavities Coelom: body cavity lined on all sides by a layer of mesodermal cells Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups P. Cnidaria corals triploblastic bilateral symmetry Coelom? cephalization cuticle tissues Protist Ancestor P. Nematoda roundworms P. Platyhelminthes flatworms P. Poriphera sponges P. Mollusca snail, clam segmentation P. Annelida segmented worms Phylum Mollusca Clams, Chitons, Snails, Squid Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups P. Cnidaria corals triploblastic bilateral symmetry Coelom? cephalization cuticle tissues Protist Ancestor P. Platyhelminthes flatworms P. Poriphera sponges P. Nematoda roundworms chitin P. Mollusca snail, clam segmentation P. Annelida segmented worms P. Arthopoda insects jointed appendages Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Arthropoda insects, crabs, spiders sea stars, sand dollars, sea urchins Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups deuterostome developmental pattern P. Echinidermata sea stars P. Cnidaria corals triploblastic P. Chordata bilateral symmetry Coelom? cephalization cuticle tissues Protist Ancestor P. Platyhelminthes flatworms P. Poriphera sponges P. Nematoda roundworms chitin P. Mollusca snail, clam segmentation P. Annelida segmented worms P. Arthopoda insects jointed appendages Comparison of Protostomes to Deuterostomes Mouth forms from first opening Mouth forms from second opening cleavage = cell divisions following fertilization blastopore = first opening in embryo Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups P. Echinidermata sea stars P. Chordata Sub P. Urochordata Sub P. Cephalochodata Sub P. Vertebrata C. Mammalia whale, mouse C. “Reptilia” lizards C. Aves birds Fishes (5-7 classes) C. Amphibia frog Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata Subphylum Cephalochordata tunicates, sea squirts lancelets Phylum Chordata Classes of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata 5-7 classes of fish, including Class Agnatha jawless fishes Class Chondrichhthyes cartilaginous fish Class Osteichthyes bony fish Phylum Chordata Classes of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata Class Amphibia frogs, toads, salamanders Class Aves birds Class Reptilia lizards, snakes, turtles, alligators Phylum Chordata Classes of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia: monotremes, marsupials, placentals
