AP World History (10/9)
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AP World History (10/9) Do Now: What inferences can we make about Christianity (500-1500 CE) based on the following map? Christian societies in Europe Unlike Islam, no political unification Patchwork of tribal kingdoms (Wood) Does offer unity Order and organization political leaders unable to offer After the fall of Rome… Western Europe from 5001500 CE=Middle Ages Early Middle Ages (500-1000 CE) Also known as “Dark Ages” Germanic tribes Tribal leaders Little trade High Middle Ages (1000-1500 CE) Signs of recovery Towns/cities emerged Emergence of a middle class Beginnings of the Renaissance Christianity-cultural glue Fall of Rome leads a void Christianity replaces SPRITE elements lost after this Feudalism-system of political and military loyalties that linked lords Manorialism-economic system where peasants tied to the land The Franks Led by Clovis (481-511 CE) Overtook other Germanic tribes Support of the church (Clovis converted to Christianity) Carolingian family Charlemagne (Charles the Great) Conquered most of mainland western Europe Protected his subjects from the Viking raiders Counts oversaw provinces Missi dominici (sovereign’s officials) oversaw the counts Crowned as emperor in 800 CE Why such an important moment? Capitulary on the Missi Move with your group through each excerpt Summarize each excerpt Evaluate-which element is the main focus of the excerpt? Social Political Religious AP World History (10/10) Do Now: The Capitulary on the Missi should be considered mainly a _______________ document because… Fill in social, political, or religious Cite the primary source to support your answer Charlemagne is dead?! And now the worthless Louis the Pious is taking over You are one of the Missi dominici-How do you keep the empire together? Provide your solutions to the problems facing the Carolingian Empire Be sure to identify the type of problem also Explain how your solutions will keep the empire together Scenario #1 One of Louis the Pious’ lords is threatening to create ties with an overlord from a rival kingdom. What kind of problem? What action should be taken? Scenario #2 Another of Louis’ lords is having a labor dispute with his serfs. He is threatening to seize their homes if they do not increase the amount of land they are tilling. What kind of problem? What action should be taken? Scenario #3 Louis the Pious is concerned about a new attack from Viking raiders. He has asked his Counts to summon all males in the kingdom over age fourteen to military service. Several of the Counts are excusing males under the age of eighteen. What kind of problem? What action should be taken? AP World History (10/13) Do Now: In the early 4th century, the Roman emperor Constantine moved his capital from Rome to Constantinople. What effect(s) did this have on western Europe? Benedictine Rule The church supported monasteries in rural areas Benedict-wrote rules for their behavior Importance of this (SPRITE)? What kind of man the cellarer of the monastery should be As cellarer of the monastery let there be chosen from the community one who is wise, of mature character, sober, not a great eater, not haughty, not excitable, not offensive, not slow, not wasteful, but a God-fearing man who may be like a father to the whole community… Let him keep guard over his own soul, mindful always of the Apostle's saying that "he who has ministered well will acquire for himself a good standing" (1 Tim. 3:13). Let him take the greatest care of the sick, of children, of guests and of the poor, knowing without doubt that he will have to render an account for all these on the Day of Judgment. The Crusades A series of holy wars Why would people fight these wars? What would they hope to gain? Possible effects/impact on western Europe/eastern Europe? AP World History (10/14) Do Now: Constantinople became one of the great cities of the world during this time period (600-1450 CE). How did geography play a role in this success? The Byzantine Empire Again, influence of Constantine Defined orthodox (right belief) Caesaropapismcombination of political and religious Able to withstand many outside threats Muslims, Sassanids (old Persian Empire)s and Slavic kingdoms What does the architecture show us about the Byzantine Empire? The architecture of the Byzantine Empire was a mixture of the earlier Greek and Roman style with Asian/ Oriental influences. It often utilized a large dome set on a square base instead of a vaulted roof. Rounded arches and spires also were common features on Byzantine buildings. Bricks of different colors were frequently used on the outside of the structure and arranged so that they appeared as bands or in complex patterns. Inside, the walls were usually made of marble with colored glass mosaics…One hundred and eighty feet above the square was a massive dome. At over a hundred feet across it was by far the largest dome ever constructed at the time and often compared to the vault of heaven itself. Justinian (rebuilt the church after fires): “Solomon, I have outdone thee!” Excerpted from: http://www.unmuseum.org/7wonders/hagia_ sophia.htm Key social/political impacts Economy controlled by bureaucracy Low food prices for urban dwellers Effects on peasants? Key trade location Silk, cloth, carpets, other luxury items Merchants have no political power here Great Schism Merchants in western Europe gaining power 1054-Roman Catholics split from Eastern Orthodox Political influence of women Empress Theodora Who was Empress Theodora? According to Procopius, Theodora's father was the bear and animal keeper at the Hippodrome, and her mother, after her husband died, started Theodora's acting career, which evolved into a life as a prostitute and mistress of Hecebolus, whom she soon left. She became a Monophysite, and, still working as an actress, or as a wool-spinner, she came to the attention of Justinian, nephew and heir of the emperor Justin. Justin's wife may also have been a prostitute; she changed her name to Euphemia upon becoming empress. Theodora first became the mistress of Justinian; then Justin accommodated his heir's attraction to Theodora by changing the law that forbid a patrician from marrying an actress. That there is an independent record of this law being changed lends weight to at least the general outline of Procopius' story of Theodora's lowly origins. Her impact on Byzantine society? Through her relationship with her husband, who seems to have treated her as his intellectual partner, Theodora had a real effect on the political decisions of the empire. Justinian writes, for instance, that he consulted Theodora when he promulgated a constitution which included reforms meant to end corruption by public officials. She is credited with influencing many other reforms, including some which expanded the rights of women in divorce and property ownership, forbid exposure of unwanted infants, gave mothers some guardianship rights over their children, and forbid the killing of a wife who committed adultery. She closed brothels and created convents where the ex-prostitutes could support themselves. http://womenshistory.about.com/od/medbyzantempress/a/th eodora.htm Our in class essay Compare/contrast the social, religious, and political structures of eastern and western Europe during this time period (600-1450 CE). Remember our structure for intro and body paragraphs Start with SPRITE, then use details to further elaborate/support points AP World History (10/15) Do Now: Theodosius II, the last emperor to rule over the unified Roman Empire, proclaimed in 424 AD: “We do not permit wool to be dyed with any color resembling the Imperial purple, nor do We permit silk to be dyed rose-color, and afterwards with another tint . . . Those who violate this law shall suffer the punishment of death.” Is this a social, political, or religious idea? How might we be able to use this in our essays? In the east… “By the time of Justinian in the sixth century, the Byzantine state owned a silkweaving industry and also had issued a dress code reflecting the bureaucratic hierarchy of the court and the ecclesiastical hierarchy of the church.” Liu Xinru, “Silks and Religions in Eurasia, c. A.D. 600-1200” In the east (cont.) “Purple dye made from murex, a shellfish found in the eastern Mediterranean, had been established as a symbol of status…because the cost of extracting the dye from a large quantity of the shellfish was extremely high, and because purple was the only fast color known to the ancient Mediterranean world, it became the most durable status badge in history… The silk textiles produced under the Byzantine government monopoly were silks dyed in purple or embroidered with gold thread. Restrictions on silk, purple, and gold embroidery were issued in the fifth century by Theodosius , and the inclusion of the law in the code of Justinian put it in force.” In the west… “In early medieval Europe, wars and epidemics took many lives, both the elite and the lowly, in spite of the protection and curing power of saints and their relics. The theological explanation for the disasters that fell on innocent and devout Christians was that people incurred the scourge of God because of their sins. Sin was inevitable, and the scourge of God was inevitable. The only hope, therefore, was the promise of heaven after death…Only in light of their fear of death and their hope for happiness in another life can one understand the devotion of early medieval European Christians and their eagerness to give their wealth to the church… In the west… The rise of the cult of saints and the traffic in relics brought more wealth, including silks, into already wealthy churches in western Europe… To mark the difference between regular human bones and those of saints, Christians decorated the relics of saints. From the sixth century onward, lay people regarded silk cloth covering a tomb as a sign indicating the grave of a canonized saint. Liu Xinru, “Silks and Religions in Eurasia, c. A.D. 6001200” AP World History (10/17) Do Now: What reached Europe in 1347-48 CE? What effect(s) did this have? The Black Death Symptoms Bubonic plague: Patients develop sudden onset of fever, headache, chills, and weakness and one or more swollen, tender and painful lymph nodes (called buboes). This form usually results from the bite of an infected flea. The bacteria multiply in the lymph node closest to where the bacteria entered the human body. http://www.cdc.gov/plagu e/symptoms/ How is it spread? Bubonic plague is not usually spread directly from person to person. Small rodents, such as rats, mice, squirrels, and weasels, carry the infection. These animals have fleas that are infected with the plague bacteria. People may get exposed to the bacteria from flea bites or from direct contact with an infected animal. During the Middle Ages, bubonic plague was known as the "Black Death." During that time many people became sick with pneumonia from Yersinia pestis (called "pneumonic plague") and spread the disease bacteria to each other by coughing and sneezing. http://rarediseases.about.com/od/bu bonicplagueandpictures/f/bubonicspr ead.htm From China to Europe… The cinematic take Each of the following movie clips illustrates a unique view on the effects of the plague. After viewing each clip, perform the following analysis: What does filmmaker show about the impact of the plague on individuals/groups? What does the clip show about the beliefs of people at the time the film was made (how they view the black plague and its effects)? How does it help us further connect to what we already know about the Middle Ages? Clip #1: The Seventh Seal (1957) What does filmmaker show about the impact of the plague on individuals/groups? What does the clip show about the beliefs of people at the time the film was made (how they view the black plague and its effects)? How does it help us further connect to what we already know about the Middle Ages? Clip #2: Black Death (2010) What does filmmaker show about the impact of the plague on individuals/groups? What does the clip show about the beliefs of people at the time the film was made (how they view the black plague and its effects)? How does it help us further connect to what we already know about the Middle Ages? Clip #3: Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975) What does filmmaker show about the impact of the plague on individuals/groups? What does the clip show about the beliefs of people at the time the film was made (how they view the black plague and its effects)? How does it help us further connect to what we already know about the Middle Ages?
