U.S. HISTORY UNIT 4
CHAPTER 12 – 14
VOCABULARY TERMS
The Progressive
Movement & The Rise
of Imperialism in
America
PROGRESSIVE AGENDAS & WHAT IMPERIALISM MEANS
 Imperialism
-- The economic and political domination of a
strong nation over other weaker nations.
 Protectorate
-- A country that is owned by local rulers and
protected by imperial power against rebellions and invasion.
 Jinogism
-- An attitude of aggressive nationalism.
 Sphere
of Influence -- An area where a foreign nation controlled
economic development.
 Open
Door policy -- A policy that allowed each foreign nation
in China to trade freely in other nations' sphere of influence.
 Nationalism
-- A feeling of intense pride of one's homeland.
 Self-determination
-- The idea that people who belong to a
nation should have their own country and government.
WORLD POLITICS OF THE ERA
THIS WAS POST-WWI JINGOISM AT ITS BEST,
GOING WELL BEYOND FLAG-WAVING
PATRIOTIC PRIDE.

Espionage -- Spying to acquire secret government information.

Convoys -- A group that travels with something, such as a ship, to protect it.

Armistice -- Cease fire; a temporary agreement to end fighting.

Reparations -- Payment by the loosing country in a war, to the winner, of the
damages caused.

Guerrilla -- An armed band that uses surprise attacks and sabotage rather
than open warfare.

Propaganda -- Information designed to influence opinion.

Contraband -- Prohibited materials

U-boats -- German submarine; term means "Unterseeboot" (undersea boat)

Conscription -- Forced military service

Victory gardens -- Gardens planted by American citizens during war to raise
vegetables for home use, leaving more for the troops.
IMPERIALISM & THE BEGINNINGS OF WWI
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR LED BY
TEDDY ROOSEVELT WAS THE AN EARLY
EXAMPLE OF AMERICAN IMPERIALISM
 Income
tax -- A direct tax on the earnings of individuals
and corporations.
 Unfair trade practices -- Trading practices which derive
a gain at the expense of the competition.
 Cost of living -- The cost of food, clothing, shelter, and
other essentials that people need to survive.
 Syndicate -- A business group.
 General
strike -- A strike that involves all workers living in
a certain location.
 Insubordination -- Disobedience
 Arbitration -- A settlement imposed by an outside party.
WORKING & ECONOMY IN THE U.S.A. DURING THIS ERA
IN THE END, AFTER EIGHT WEEKS OF STRIKING IN ROCHESTER NY, BOTH THE
UNION AND THE CLOTHIERS EXCHANGE AGREED ON: ABOLITION OF SUBCONTRACTORS, A 52 HOUR WORK WEEK, ETC. – FIRST THERE’S A STRIKE &
INSUBORDINATION (REFUSAL TO WORK), THEN ARBITRATION (A SETTLEMENT).
 Yellow
Journalism -- Sensationalist reporting in which
readers often exaggerated, or even made up stories to
attract readers.
 Muckraker
-- A group of crusading journalists who
investigated social conditions and political corruption.
 Temperance
-- A movement that advocated the
moderation or elimination of alcohol.
 Prohibition
-- Laws banning the manufacture, sale, and
consumption of alcohol.
 Suffrage
 Deport
-- The right to vote
-- To expel individuals from the country.
THE CULTURAL MOOD OF THE TIME
THE LADIES’ MOTTO OF THE EARLY1900S TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT

Progressivism -- A political movement that crossed party lines which believed that
industrialism and urbanization had created many social problems and that
government should take a more active role in dealing with these problems.

Commission plan -- A plan i which a city's government would be divided into
several departments, which would each be placed under the control of an expert
commissioner.

Direct primary -- A primary in which all party members could vote for a candidate
to run in the general election.

Initiative -- A reform that allowed a group of citizens to introduce legislation and
required the legislature to vote on it.

Referendum -- A reform that allowed proposed legislation to be submitted to the
voters for approval.

Recall -- A reform that allowed voters to demand a special election to remove an
elected official from office before his or her term had expired.

Socialism -- The idea that the government should own and operate industry for the
community as a whole.

Square Deal -- Theodore Roosevelt's promise of fair and equal treatment for all.
THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPE OF THE ERA
LBJ’S “GREAT SOCIETY” PLAN OF THE
1960S WAS INSPIRED BY ROOSEVELT’S
‘SQUARE DEAL’ PLAN OF 1901-1902