THE ROLE OF STATES IN ENSURING THE PROVISION
OF AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES
IFATCA 26th Africa and Middle East Regional Meeting
(Accra, Ghana, 28-30 Oct 2015)
Presented by: Albert Aidoo Taylor
ICAO Regional Officer, Air Traffic Management & Search and
Rescue, Western & Central Africa
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OUTLINE
 Scale and Projections - Global Air Transport
 Air Transport and Economic Development
 ICAO Strategic Objectives (2014-2016)
 Role, functions & responsibilities of States in ATS
 Global & Regional Strategies: « No Country Left Behind »
 Abuja Safety Targets
 AFI Air Navigation Performance Indicators
 Summary
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SCALE AND PROJECTIONS FOR GLOBAL AIR TRANSPORT
2013:
 26 000 Aircraft in Service



3.1 Billion Pax
49 Million Tonnes Cargo
1 000 Scheduled Carriers
More than 4 000 Airports
 170 Air Navigation Centres

2012 - 2030:
3 Biilion Pax
in 2012
 30 Million
Flights in 2012
More than 6 Billion
Px projected for 2030
 59 Million Flights
Projected for 2030
Traffic is for scheduled services in 2013
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Air Transport and Economic Development
In Africa
$67.8 billion in GDP
Transport
6.7 million jobs
5% per annum on GDP in next 20 years
6.1 % per annum growth in traffic to 2015
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ICAO STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
(2014-2016
 SAFETY: Enhance global civil aviation safety
 AIR NAVIGATION CAPACITY & EFFICIENCY: increase capacity and
improve efficiency of the global civil aviation system
 SECURITY & FACILITATION: Enhance global civil aviation Security &
facilitation
 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AIR TRANSPORT: Forster the
development of a sound and economically viable civil aviation system
 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: Minimize the adverse environmental
effects of civil aviation activities
Article 1: Sovereignty
The contracting States recognize that every
every State has complete and exclusive
sovereignty over the airspace above its
territory.
HIGH LEVEL WACAF MISSION ON SSC, FREE TOWN, 7-9 OCT 2015
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UN Convention on Law of the sea
LIMITS OF THE TERRITORIAL SEA
Article 3
Breadth of the territorial sea
Every State has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea
territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured
from baselines determined in accordance with this Convention.
Convention.
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AIR TRAFFIC SERVICE:
Air traffic service: A generic term meaning variously, flight information service, alerting service, air
traffic advisory service, air traffic control service (area control service, approach control service or
aerodrome control service).
The objectives of the air traffic services shall be to:
a) prevent collisions between aircraft;
b) prevent collisions between aircraft on the manoeuvring area and obstructions on that area;
c) expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic;
d) provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights;
e) notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such
organizations as required.
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Establishment of authority
Contracting States shall DETERMINE, in accordance with the
provisions of Annex 11 and for the territories over which they have
have jurisdiction, those portions of the airspace and those
aerodromes where air traffic services will be provided.
They shall thereafter ARRANGE for such services to be established
established and provided;
By mutual agreement, a State may delegate to another State the
responsibility for establishing and providing air traffic services in
flight information regions, control areas or control zones extending
extending over the territories of the former.
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State Responsibilities
If one State delegates to another State the responsibility for the provision of air
of air traffic services over its territory, it does so without derogation of its national
national sovereignty. (Delegation but not derogation)
The providing State’s responsibility is limited to technical and operational
considerations and does not extend beyond those pertaining to the safety and
expedition of aircraft using the concerned airspace.
The providing State in providing air traffic services within the territory of the
the delegating State will do so in accordance with the requirements of the latter.
10
Situations which arise in respect of the establishment and provision of air
traffic services to either part or whole of an international flight are as follows:
Situation 1: A route, or portion of a route, contained within airspace under
the sovereignty of a State establishing and providing its own air traffic
services.
Situation 2: A route, or portion of a route, contained within airspace under
the sovereignty of a State which has, by mutual agreement, been
delegated to another State, responsibility for the establishment and provision
traffic services.
Situation 3: A portion of a route contained within airspace over the high
seas or in airspace of undetermined sovereignty for which a State has
responsibility for the establishment and provision of air traffic services.
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High Seas
Those portions of the airspace over the high seas or in airspace of
airspace of undetermined sovereignty where air traffic services will
services will be provided shall be determined on the basis of regional
regional air navigation agreements.
Note: The phrase “regional air navigation agreements” refers to the
by the Council of ICAO normally on the advice of Regional Air
Navigation Meetings.
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Authority for providing ATS Service
When it has been determined that air traffic services will be
services will be provided, the States concerned shall
DESIGNATE the authority responsible for providing such
services.
Note: The authority responsible for establishing and
be a State or a suitable Agency.
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Roles and Best Practices
The State must DECIDE how it will establish the roles of regulation (Technical and
Economic) and services provision.
The functions of regulation and provision with clear and sustainable lines of
accountability which remove potential conflicts of interest within the Aviation
Authority.
It is preferable if the ATS provider is a separate entity with its own governance and
financial independence.
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Safety Responsibilities & Accountabilities
The Regulator embraces the SSP and ensures that safety requirements are clearly
stated and communicated to the provider;
The Provider implements an acceptable SMS and ensures that all staff are fully
trained, licensed and above all, competent to perform their tasks
The Regulator and Service Provider must have experienced staff to perform their
tasks and must have an appropriate budget to fulfil their functions.
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State Roles
Good regulation and safe provision of ATS costs significant amount
of money therefore realistic budgets must be prepared and
accepted.
The State may DECIDE to recover the costs of regulation by charging
the users however it is important that these costs are transparent
and benefitting the aviation industry - and not seen as another tax.
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State Roles
The subject of safety data collection and analysis is a subject in its
own right but is very important for the State to ESTABLISH the
methods
It is important for the State to FACILITATE the establishment of the
principle of JUST CULTURE.
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PUBLICATION OF SERVICES
Where air traffic services are established,
information shall be PUBLISHED as
necessary to permit the utilization of such
services.
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19
FUNCTIONS OF ATM REGULATION
State responsibilities (basic version)

DEVELOPMENT and UPDATING of the
necessary regulations;

setting national safety performance
targets; and

Exercising safety oversight of ATS service
providers.
AN-Conf/11-IP/9
A-3
Appendix
MANUAL ON SAFETY MANAGEMENT FOR AIR
TRAFFIC SERVICES
(Doc XXXX)
DRAFT
Version 0.19
5 September 2003
ICAO Annex 19


Each State shall ESTABLISH an State
Safety Programme (SSP) for the
management of safety in the State,
in order to achieve an acceptable
level of safety performance in civil
aviation.
Each State shall establish and
implement a safety oversight
system.
CRITICAL
ELEMENTS OF A
STATE’S SAFETY
OVERSIGHT
SYSTEM
1
Legislation
2
Regulations
4
Technical
Staff qual+
training
3
Organization
ESTABLISH
5
Technical
Guidance
& Tools
IMPLEMENT 7
6
Continuous
Licensing,
Surveillance
Certification,
8
Approval
Resolution
of Safety
Concerns
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ABUJA SAFETY TARGETS- Africa Ministerial Conference, July 2012
Establish and strengthen the autonomy of CAAs by Dec 2013
Reduce runway related accidents and serious incidents by 50% by the end of 2015.
Reduce controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) related accidents and serious incidents by 50% by the end
of Dec 2015.
Reduce Loss of Control related accidents/serious incidents by 50% by the end of 2015.
Resolve existing SSCs by July 2013 and newly identified SSCs within 12 months.
Increase EI of all African States to world average by the end of 2017
Certify all International Aerodromes by the end of 2015.
 Implement SSP and SMS by end 2015.
Require African airlines to complete IOSA by end 2015.
AFI AIR NAVIGATION (ANS) PERFORMANCE INIDICATORS
14TH AFI PLAN STEERING COMMITTEE, MONTREAL, OCT 2014

Implement Performance Based Navigation
(PBN)
 Establish effective and operational SAR
Organization.

Implement Continuous Descent Operations
(CDO) and Continuous Climb Operations (CCO)
 Implement En-Route Data Link
Applications

Reduce Aircraft Proximity incidents (AIRPROX)
due to ANS deficiencies by 50%

Implement Digital ATS Coordination/Transfer
 Implement Aeronautical Information
Management (AIM) Quality Management
 Reduce risk of accidents related to ATM safety
System (QMS)
 Implement Aeronautical Meteorology
(MET) Quality Management System (QMS)
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The No Country Left Behind (NCLB) campaign
 Launched by ICAO Council at the end of 2014:
 highlights ICAO’s efforts to assist States in implementing
implementing ICAO Standards and Recommended
Recommended Practices (SARPs).
 The main goal of this work is to help ensure that SARP
SARP implementation is better harmonized globally
globally
 that all States have access to the significant sociosocio-economic benefits of safe and reliable air
transport.
 promotes ICAO’s efforts to resolve Significant Safety
Safety Concerns (SSCs) brought to light through ICAO’s
ICAO’s safety oversight audits , as well as other safety,
NCLB and the AFI Plan
 A pragmatic approach for Safety; Capacity & Efficiency Enhancement
 AFI framework for the implementation of NCLB programme
 AFI ANSPs Peer Review
Expansion of AFI Plan to ANS and Alignement of
Regional Targets with Global Plans
%
OPS
ANS
AIR
AIG
AGA
GANP • PBN
AFI • 2018
ANS
• PBN
PIs
ICAO SO:
CAPACITY &
EFFICIENCY
Abuja • 2017
Safety
Targets • EI:60
• 2016
PEL
ICAO SO: SAFETY
• 2017
GASP • EI:60
%
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SUMMARY
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Air Transport has huge social and economic impact on national, regional and
global development;
The development and provision of safe, efficient, economic, secure and
environmentally responsible Air Traffic Services as an integral part of the global air
transport system is key to achieving sustainable national and global growth;
States has an important role to decide the portions of routes or airspace where ATS
shall be provided and arrange for ATS to be provided
Designate a State or suitable Agency to establish and Provide ATS
Decide of the governance structure and accountability for provision of ATS
Ensure availability of adequate resources (financial and human)
Facilitate the establishment of Just Culture and collection of Safety Data
Set National Safety Performance Targets; and
Publish National Aeronautical Information
Legislate, Regulate, Exercise Oversight and ensure Compliance
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MERCI !