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Statistics
STATISTICS DEFINED
COLLECTING DATA
POPULATION & SAMPLE
SAMPLING
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
23-Mar-16
Created by Mr. S. Gier
1
- is the branch of mathematics
concerned with the techniques by
which information is collected,
organized, analyzed and interpreted.
1.
It refers to actual numbers derived
from data. For example,
- the number of medals won in the
Asian games.
- the number of malnourished
children in a barangay.
- the attendance figures for a
concert.
2. It formally refers to the simple
collection, tabulation, and data
summation forming meaningful
inferences and conclusions.
- Utilizes numerical and graphical
methods to look for the patterns in
the data set.
- Draws conclusions like decisions,
predictions or generalizations about
the data set.
1.
The increasingly quantitative approach
employed in all the sciences, in business and in
many activities that directly affect the lives of
people requires study.
For example,
- evaluation of antipollution control.
- evaluation of traffic in the city.
- study of diet and longevity.
- study of communicable disease
- evaluation of teaching techniques and
curriculum
2. The amount of statistical information
that is collected, processed and
disseminated to the public has
increased tremendously such that
more persons with knowledge of
statistics are needed to collect the
right data, analyze the data wisely, and
take part in all the planning.
Back to page 1
A
statistician is
someone who is
particularly versed in
the ways of thinking
necessary for the
successful application
of statistical analysis.
Often such people
have gained this
experience after
starting work in any of
a number of fields.
There
is also a
discipline called
mathematical
statistics, which is
concerned with the
theoretical basis of
the subject.
The
word statistics
can either be
singular or plural.
When it refers to
the discipline,
"statistics" is
singular, as in
"Statistics is an
art."
When
it refers to
quantities (such as
mean and median)
calculated from a
set of data,
statistics is plural,
as in "These
statistics are
misleading."
 Some
scholars pinpoint the origin
of statistics to 1663, with the
publication of Natural and Political
Observations upon the Bills of
Mortality by John Graunt. Early
applications of statistical thinking
revolved around the needs of states
to base policy on demographic and
economic data, hence its statetymology.
 Its
mathematical foundations were laid
in the 17th century with the
development of probability theory by
Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat.
Probability theory arose from the study
of games of chance. The method of
least squares was first described by
Carl Friedrich Gauss around 1794.
 The use of modern computers has
expedited large-scale statistical
computation, and has also made
possible new methods that are
impractical to perform manually.
The
scope of the discipline
of statistics broadened in
the early 19th century to
include the collection and
analysis of data in general.
 Statistics
is also important in many
aspects of society such as
business, industry and government.
Because of the increasing use of
statistics in so many areas of our
lives, it has become very desirable
to understand and practice
statistical thinking.

This is important even if you do not use
statistical methods directly.
 Today,
statistics has become an
important tool in the work of many
academic disciplines such as
medicine, psychology, education,
sociology, engineering and
physics, just to name a few.
EXTRA CHALLENGE!!!
EXTRA CHALLENGE!!!
EXTRA CHALLENGE!!!
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
POPULATION & SAMPLE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
POPULATION & SAMPLE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
POPULATION & SAMPLE
Try this out….
 Study the following situations. Identify the
phrase which represents the sample and which
phrase shows the population.
1. Mrs. Jara wants to know the nutritional status
of the first year students in her school so she
got 150 first year students to represent the year
level.
•SAMPLE
•150 first year students
•POPULATION
•First year students
Try this out….
 Study the following situations. Identify the
phrase which represents the sample and which
phrase shows the population.
2. When Sandra bought a sack of rice, she
examined a handful from the sack to check if it is
the variety she wants.
•SAMPLE
•handful of rice
•POPULATION
•a sack of rice or one sack of rice
Try this out….
 Study the following situations. Identify the
phrase which represents the sample and which
phrase shows the population.
3. A doctor wants to know what causes the
infection in a patient so he requested for the
patient’s blood examination. The medical
technologist extracted only 10 cubic centimeters of
blood from the patient for examination.
•SAMPLE
•10 cubic centimeters of blood
•POPULATION
•Blood
Try this out….
 Study the following situations. Identify the
phrase which represents the sample and which
phrase shows the population.
4. The chef wants to check if the food being
cooked tastes as he wants it to be so he tasted a
spoonful of it.
•SAMPLE
•Spoonful of it
•POPULATION
•Food cooked
Try this out….
 Study the following situations. Identify the
phrase which represents the sample and which
phrase shows the population.
5. The school guidance counselor would like to
know the course preference of the graduating
students in their school so she interviewed 100
of the fourth year students.
•SAMPLE
•100 fourth year students
•POPULATION
•Graduating students
What is Statistics?
What is the difference
between POPULATION and
SAMPLE?
QUIZ….
QUIZ
Assume that the following are questions
to which you want to find the answer.
(i) Ms. Sanchez wants to know the most-liked
subject in a school.
1. What must be the population of the study?
2. How will you describe the population?
3. What would be the appropriate sample of
the study?
HOMEWORK
 Give at least two instances which
show that Statistics is important
in our daily life.
 Statistics can be very well- used or
misused. When is Statistics
misused and by whom? Describe
how.
Write your answers in a paper (one-half crosswise)