Thanks to Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY for some of the slides Essential Questions: Who are the Ancient egyptians? Where did they live? How did they develop their traditions and beliefs? How has their culture affected modern day society? What is the Egyptian legacy to Europe? Ancient Egypt A View of Egypt by Satellite The Annual Flooding of the Nile Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf Ancient Egyptian History Periods Time Frame Nile Culture Begins Archaic Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom 3900 B. C. 3100 – 2650 B. C. 2650 – 2134 B. C. 2040 – 1640 B. C. 1550 – 1070 B. C. Late Period Greek Ptolemaic Era Roman Period 750 – 332 B. C. 332 – 30 B. C. 30 B. C.. – 395 A.D. Menes: Unifier of Upper and Lower Egypt c. 3050 B. C. E. ? Ancient Egyptian Housing Middle Class Homes Peasant Homes Scenes of Ancient Egyptian Daily Life Making Ancient Egyptian Beer Making Ancient Egyptian Wine An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves” Mirror Perfume Wigs Egyptian Social Hierarchy Egyptian Nobility Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Tutankhamon 1336-1327 B. C. E. Akhenaton 1379 -1334 B.C. Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. Monotheism Tel Amarna-the great city of Akhenaton Abu Simbel: Monument to Ramses II Egyptian Scribe Papyrus Paper Hieratic Scroll Piece Papyrus Plant Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship 1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 What number is this? Champollion & the Rosetta Stone Hieroglyphic “Cartouche” Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols Preparations for the Underworld ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather. Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit Mummification Materials Used in Mummification 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Linen Sawdust Lichen Beeswax Resin 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Natron Onion Nile Mud Linen Pads Frankinsense Preparation for the Afterlife The Ankh – The “Cross” of Life King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask 1336-1327 B. C. E. Egyptian Mummies Seti I 1291-1278 B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II 1210-1200 B. C. E. Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E. Journey to the Underworld The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.” A boat for the journey is provided for a dead pharaoh in his tomb. Egyptian Book of the Dead The Final Judgement Anubis Horus Osiris Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants in the Afterlife Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara “Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu Giza Pyramid Complex The Valley of the Queens 1473-1458 B. C. E. Temple of Queen Hatshepsut Queen Nefertiti Egypt’s Legacy • • • • • • • • • • • • Architecture United We Stand One Ruler Queens Beauty Paper Writing? Divine right The afterlife The judgment after death Monotheism? Moses and the Exodus Who Are These Strange People? Routes of the “Sea Peoples” The end of the Bronze Age!