RENOCELL® TECHNOLOGY - HEAVY &
PRECIOUS METALS APPLICATIONS
Post Electrode
Connector
Cathode
Current Feeder
Anode
Plastic
Outer Support
Carbon Fiber
Plating Element
Anode
DIN: DRII-6002-1
Porous diffuser core
Electrolyte Flow Path
2007
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 1
Renovare International, Inc.
“... RenoCell removes dissolved
heavy metals from water, as metal,
better than any process in the world.
By using electrons directly instead of
from chemical reagents, the
RenoCell is the least expensive, most
efficient and environmentally friendly
electrochemical reduction process
available today...”
RenoCell M500
*REDOX - of or relating to reduction-oxidation. Chemical reactions involving metals in aqueous solutions involve a balance of oxidizing and reducing reactions. Reagents are
substances that react with metals by exchanging electrons to cause their oxidation or reduction.
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 2
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOVARE INTERNATIONAL
• Founded in 1996
• Over 180 systems sold and operating in over
15 countries
• Expanded RenoCell Product Line
• Diversified industries
–
–
–
–
–
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 3
Printed Circuit Boards
Plating & Metal Finishing
Semiconductors & Electronics
Aerospace/Automotive
Precious Metals Recovery & Mining
Renovare International, Inc.
TECHNOLOGY & PRODUCTS
OVERVIEW
• Technology
– Electrochemical metal recovery
– High surface area carbon fiber cathode
– Large improvement in performance envelope (operating range &
costs)
– Cathode cartridge periodically replaced to recover metal
• Industrial Metal Recovery Products
– RenoCell Models 250, 500 & 1000 with divided cell capability
– RenoCell Modular Systems sized and configured as market and
applications dictates
• Specialty RenoCell Systems
– Value-added niche systems, e.g., Electroless Nickel Bath
treatment
– Range of capacities to best serve customer needs
– Modular, expandable system line
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 4
Renovare International, Inc.
TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 5
Renovare International, Inc.
ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES
• The term electrochemical reaction applies to
those reactions of oxidation or reduction which
take place at the surface of conductive
electrodes immersed in a chemical medium
under the influence of an applied electrical
potential or voltage
• At the negative electrode or cathode, the
reactions include reduction of a metal ion to the
metal itself
Ni+ + + 2 e- —> Ni
and, in aqueous media, the reduction of the
hydrogen ion to hydrogen gas
2H+ + 2 e- —> H2 gas
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 6
Renovare International, Inc.
ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS
• Historically 2D cells, such as tank or plate-andframe cells, are suitable for bulk metal removal,
but they can not meet stringent recovery or
treatment standards
• Development efforts have been directed towards
finding high surface area, stationary electrode
materials.
• Testing shows that low concentrations of metals
can only be achieved with reasonable current
efficiencies by using porous, 3D electrodes
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 7
Renovare International, Inc.
ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS
(Continued)
• RenoCell improvements in electrochemical
cell performance focused on:
– Obtaining high active cathode surface areas which
allow compact design and efficient conversions
even at low metal concentrations
– High current efficiency to minimize energy usage
– High current density to effect rapid metal removal
– Intimate contact between electrolyte and electrodes
to provide high mass transport
– Ease of product removal
– Safety and ease of control
– Lower operating costs
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 8
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOCELL’S PATENTED*TECHNOLOGY
Post Electrode
Connector
Cathode
Current Feeder
• Porous, high surface area
cathode
Anode
Plastic
Outer Support
• Replaceable cathode cartridge
for easy metal removal
• Industry standard components
and compact, robust design
Carbon Fiber
Plating Element
Anode
• Optional divided cell (reactor)
configuration
• Applicable to all electroplatable
metals or electroprecipitable
metal hydroxides and oxides
DIN: DRII-6002-1
Electrolyte Flow Path
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 9
Porous diffuser core
*USA No. 5,690,806 and USA No. 6,162,333
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOCELL CATHODE DESIGN
RenoCell’s Carbon Fiber Cathode Element, Magnified
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 10
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOCELL POROUS CARBON
CATHODE ASSEMBLY
M-500 Cathode:
Diameter = 10 cm
Length = 1/2 m
2-D Area = 0.11 m2
3-D Area = ~55 m2
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 11
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOCELL CATHODE DESIGN
M100 Cathode
Before Test
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 12
After Deposit
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOCELL ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL
•Enclosed Polypropylene Housing
•Cylindrical Anode & Cathode
•Porous 3D Carbon Cathode
•Replaceable Cathode
•Several Sizes
•Small Footprint
U.S. Patent No. 6,162,333
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 13
Renovare International, Inc.
PERFORMANCE OVERVIEW
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 14
Renovare International, Inc.
SUCCESSFULLY TREATS 20+
HEAVY METALS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 15
Cadmium
• Gold
Copper
• Cobalt
Mercury
• Nickel
Chromium
• Silver
Tin
• Palladium
Iron
• Lead
Platinum
• Zinc
Indium
• Arsenic
Osmium
• Tungsten
Ruthenium
• Rhodium
Others (metalloids) being or to be tested
Renovare International, Inc.
99.99 % COPPER RECOVERY FROM
DILUTE PLATING BATH
Time
(minutes)
Average
Current
Efficiency
0
4440
30
3360
76
67
2440
63
92
2010
56
120
1380
54
144
820
53
170
256
52
240
0.02
39
Solution:
Flow rate:
Current density:
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 16
Concentration
mg/l
2.5 liters
2 lpm
400 A/m 2
Renovare International, Inc.
ELECTROLESS COPPER WASTE
M100 CATHODE
Copper Remaining (mg/l)
Copper Remaining (mg/l)
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
0
1
2
3
Reaction Time (hours)
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 17
4
2000
1500
(Multiple Batches)
1000
500
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
Reaction Time (hours)
Renovare International, Inc.
TYPICAL RENOCELL OPERATING
PERFORMANCE
Removal
Efficiency
(%)
99.99+
Initial
(PPM)
910
Final
(PPM)
0.02
Cu
98.2
0.22
99.78
Cyanide plating rinse
Cu
105
0.34
99.68
Fluoborate plating rinse
Cu
115
0.3
99.74
Electroless Cu rinse
Cu
82
0.8
99.02
Micro etch bath rinse
Cu
44
0.11
99.75
Cyanide plating rinse
Ag
740
0.34
99.95
Cyanide static dragout
Cd
107
0.34
99.68
Acid sulfate rinse
Cd
978
0.37
99.96
Application
Acid sulfate rinse
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 18
Metal
Cu
Renovare International, Inc.
TYPICAL RENOCELL OPERATING
PERFORMANCE
(Continued)
Application
Metal
Acid sulfate rinse Zn
Acid sulfate rinse Sn
Fluoborate plating rinse
Pb
Watt’s bath rinse
Ni
Acid sulfate rinse Cr(III)
Cyanide liquor
Au
Acidic liquors
Pt
Pd
Pt
Pd
Groundwater (acidic)Hg
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 19
Initial
(PPM)
77.5
93.2
85
105
124
380
24
110
2000
500
6.3
Final
(PPM)
0.23
0.5
0.32
0.5
1
<0.1
1
0.01
0.5
<0.5
0.036
Removal
Efficiency
%
99.70
99.46
99.62
99.52
99.19
99.97
95.83
99.99
99.98
99.90
99.43
Renovare International, Inc.
COST COMPARISON FOR COPPER
REMOVAL FROM RINSE WATERS
Based on:
•
•
•
40 ppm copper removal to 1 ppm copper
Sludge management (including dewatering, transportation and treatment) is $350/ton
Ion exchange spent resin is assumed to be treated on site
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 20
Renovare International, Inc.
NICKEL
– Removal of Ni from the Watt's bath and other
chemistries was achieved at a good rate and
less than 1 mg/L was achieved
– Recently an Electroless Nickel bath treatment
process was developed that successfully
overcomes the strongly complexing nature of
the EN solution. This process technology is
being patented
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 21
Renovare International, Inc.
COST COMPARISON FOR NICKEL
REMOVAL FROM RINSE WATERS
Based on:
• 80 mg/L Ni removal to 1 mg/L Ni
• Sludge management (including dewatering,
transportation and treatment) is $350/ton
• Ion exchange spent resin is assumed to be treated
on-site
O&M Cost Estimates:
• DTC Precipitation:
• Ion Exchange:
• RenoCell:
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 22
$50/kg Ni
$25/kg Ni
$11/kg Ni
Renovare International, Inc.
ELECTROLESS NICKEL TREATMENT
• EN Bath Processing
– OMG Spent Chemistry
»
»
»
»
pH
ORP
Conductivity
Ni
5.0
+150 mV
>90,000 µS/cm
~6,000 mg/L
– RenoCell Testing
» ~30 tests runs
» pH, ORP, T, conductivity, pretreatment
» undivided/divided
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 23
Renovare International, Inc.
ELECTROLESS NICKEL TREATMENT
SUMMARY
– RenoCell Process Results
»
»
»
»
»
Divided RenoCell Require
Reduce ORP to ~-250 mV
No pH adjustment
T >50C
Other Process Adjustments
– Operating Cost Comparison
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 24
» Ven Met +
$45 - $55/kg Ni
» RenoCell
$9/kg Ni
Renovare International, Inc.
GOLD & OTHER PRECIOUS METALS
An Au drag-out tank on a
PCB plating machine was
treated. The 265 L tank
produced 112.5g of Au during
a 20 hour RenoCell M100
test, and is typical of many
precious metal applications
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 25
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOCELL—CHEAPER & CLEANER
Redox Reagent
•
•
•
•
•
•
$/kg Equivalent
‘Electrolytic’ electron
12.80
Iron powder
43.20
Zinc dust
46.40
Dimethyl-dithiocarbamate (DTC) 89.81
Sodium borohydride (VenMet) 101.39
Potassium permanganate
163.26
Ratio
1.0
3.4
3.6
7.0
7.9
12.8
- Clean, “Green” Reactions Electrons are the cheapest, purest, most versatile redox
reagent
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 26
Renovare International, Inc.
PRODUCTS OVERVIEW
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 27
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOCELL PRODUCTS AND
SYSTEMS
• OEM COMPONENTS
–
–
–
–
–
–
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 28
M1000
M1000/D
M500
M500/D
M250
M250/D
•
SYSTEMS
–
–
–
–
XM0100D Bench System
XM0250 Pilot System
Modular Systems
Specialty Systems
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOCELL® COMPONENT PRODUCTS
M250 & M250D
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 29
M500 & M500D
M1000 & M1000D
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOCELL XM100 BENCH SYSTEM
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 30
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOCELL MODULAR SYSTEMS
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 31
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOCELL MODULAR SYSTEM
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 32
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOCELL MODULAR SYSTEMS
DESIGN
• Redundant, modular design, expandable and
reconfigurable
• Redundant pumps if required
• Modular design allows for additional
modules to be added
• In multiple cell systems each set of cells is
isolatable for service - cathode change-out
• Small foot print
• Proven low cost design
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 33
Renovare International, Inc.
APPLICATIONS OVERVIEW
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 34
Renovare International, Inc.
EFFECTIVE OPERATING RANGES FOR
METAL REMOVAL TECHNOLOGIES
Conventional EW
Chemical Precipitation
Ion Exchange
RenoCell
100k
10k
1k
100
10
1
0.1
Copper Remaining (mg/l)
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 35
Renovare International, Inc.
MARKET DRIVERS FOR
RENOCELL
• Process Water Treatment
– “In-process” for water and or metal recovery, recycle,
and or reuse
– “End-of-Pipe” for waste treatment
– Performance, quality and cost improvements
• Recovery of Precious Metals
• Market Conditions
– Relentless pressure to reduce operating cost
– Water compliance restrictions are increasing for
discharge and water reuse
– Waste minimization recognized as essential to
economically compete and meet regulatory standards
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 36
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOCELL USES
RenoCell Technology
Abatement
(Removal)
• Spent Plating Bath
• IX Regen
• Rinse Water
• Membrane
Concentrate
• Effluent Polishing
• Scrubber Solutions
Recovery
(Extraction)
• Precious Metal Scrap
Processing
Process
(Enhancement)
• Product Purification
• Catalyst Solution
• Contaminant
Removal
• Photosilver
• Dragout Solutions
• Precious Metal Dragout
and Rinses
• Bath Purification
• Precious Metal Mining
Leach
• Cleaning Baths
• Stripping Bath
• Pickling Baths
• Redox Reagents
• Etchant Regeneration
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 37
Renovare International, Inc.
EXPERIENCE OVERVIEW
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 38
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOCELL INSTALLATIONS
• 180+ RenoCell Installations
• 20+ Applications in Industrial Sectors
– Printed Circuit Boards
» Copper from electroless bath
» Copper from dragout
» Gold from dragout
» Silver from rinse water
» Impurities from copper plating bath
– Metal Finishing
» Cadmium from rinse water
» Copper from cleaning bath
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 39
Renovare International, Inc.
RENOCELL INSTALLATIONS
(continued)
• 20+ Applications in Industrial Sectors
– Aerospace/Automotive
» Cadmium from rinse water
» Cadmium from IX regeneration
» Copper and lead removal from cleaning bath
– Metal Fab
» Cleaning bath maintenance (Pb,Cu)
– Precious Metals
» Platinum, palladium and gold recovery
» Gold from dragout
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 40
Renovare International, Inc.
TYPICAL RENOCELL INSTALLATIONS
• Packard Hughes Interconnect
– Acid Copper, Gold
• Sanmina
– Copper, Tin, Nickel, Gold
• Cesna Aircraft
– Copper
• Applied Power
– Copper, electroless and acid Copper
• Moen
– Copper, Lead
• DDI Thomas Walters
– Copper etch and microetch
• INCO
– Precious metals
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 41
Renovare International, Inc.
SUMMARY OF TYPICAL ECONOMIC
BENEFITS
• Virtual removal of all metal to allow rinse water
reuse, saving more than 40% in overall treatment
cost
• Total operational cost savings up to 70% over
conventional treatment methods
• Lower capital cost payback (less than 2 years)
• Reduced metal and waste water loading on
existing waste treatment facilities
• Conformance with national and local effluent
discharge standards
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 42
Renovare International, Inc.
IN SUMMARY
• RenoCell is the next generation technology for
process and waste water metal ion removal and
value metal reclamation
• RenoCell products deliver advanced, patented 3-D
electrowinning technology incorporated in compact,
robust cell and modular system designs
• The principles of electrowinning are the same for all
electrochemical cells. However, . . . . .
“RenoCell® technology simply works substantially
better”
VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 43
Renovare International, Inc.