The term energy activity, operation, action force or work force has different meanings and
definitions related to the idea of a capacity to act, transforming or moving. In physics, "energy"
is defined as the ability to perform work. In technology and economics, "energy" refers to a
natural resource (including associated technology) to extract, transform, and then give an
economic or industrial use.
In mechanics are:
*Mechanical energy, which is the combination or sum of the following types:
or kinetic energy on the motion.
or potential energy: that associated with the position within a field of conservative
forces. For example, there is the gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy (or
strain energy, so named because of elastic deformations). A wave is also capable of
transmitting energy to move through an elastic medium.
In electromagnetism, is to:
* Electromagnetic energy, which consists of:
or radiant energy: the energy of which the electromagnetic waves.
or Heat energy: the amount of energy the unit mass of the substance may release a
chemical reaction of oxidation.
or electrical potential energy (see electric potential)
or Electricity: result of the existence of a potential difference between two points.
In thermodynamics are:
* Internal energy, which is the sum of the mechanical energy of the constituent particles of a
system.
* Thermal energy, energy is released as heat, obtained from nature (geothermal energy) by
burning.
Potential energy
It is the energy that can be associated with a conservative system body or under its position or
configuration. If a region of space there is a conservative force field, the potential energy of
the field in (A) is defined as the work required moving a mass from a reference point (ground
level) to the point (A). By definition, the ground level has zero potential energy. Some types of
potential energy that appears in various contexts of physics are:
* The gravitational potential energy associated with the position of a body in the
gravitational field (in the context of classical mechanics). The gravitational potential energy of
a body of mass m in a constant gravitational field is given by: Ep = mgh \, where h is the height
of center of mass compared to conventional zero potential energy.
* The electrostatic potential energy V of a system relates to the electric field using the
relationship.
* The elastic potential energy associated with the stress field of a deformable body.
The potential energy can be defined only when there is a force field is conservative, ie, that
meets any of the following properties:
1. The work done by the force between two points is independent of the path.
2. The work done by force to any closed path is zero.
3. When the rotor of F is zero (on any simply connected domain).
It can be shown that all properties are equivalent (ie any of them implies the other). Under
these conditions, the potential energy at an arbitrary point is defined as the difference of
energy that has a particle in the arbitrary point and a fixed point, called "zero potential."
Energy Transformation
For the optimization of resources and adaptation to our uses, we need to transform some
forms of energy in others. All of them can transform into other thermodynamic principles to
satisfy the following:
* "Energy is neither created nor destroyed, only transformed." Thus, the amount of initial
energy is equal to the final.
* "Energy is degraded continuously towards lower quality energy (thermal energy)." In other
words, no processing is performed with a 100% performance, because there are always some
heat loss is not recoverable. The performance of an energy system is the ratio of energy
produced and we supply the system.
The village can use this type of renovable energy because the wind power is the conversion of
wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as using wind turbines to make electricity, wind
mills for mechanical power, wind pumps for pumping water or drainage, or sails to propel ship.
The Earth is unevenly heated by the sun, such that the poles receive less energy from the sun
than the equator; along with this, dry land heats up (and cools down) more quickly than the
seas do. The differential heating drives a global atmospheric convection system reaching from
the Earth's surface to the stratosphere which acts as a virtual ceiling. Most of the energy
stored in these wind movements can be found at high altitudes where continuous wind speeds
of over 160 km/h (99 mph) occur. Eventually, the wind energy is converted through friction
into diffuse heat throughout the Earth's surface and the atmosphere
DISADVANTAJES:

To evacuate electricity from each wind farm (which are usually located in natural
settings also paragraphs) is necessary to build high voltage lines that are capable of
driving up electricity that is capable of producing the installation. However, the average
driving voltage is much lower. This means putting 4 times thicker cables, and often taller
towers to accommodate peak wind correctly.

It is necessary to meet the wind brownouts "instantly" (increasing the production of
thermal power plants), as it is done would occur, and indeed there are widespread
power outages by low voltage. This problem could be solved using storage devices of
electrical energy. But the electricity produced is stored: it is instantly consumed or lost.
ADVANTAJES:

It is a type of renewable energy and has its origin in atmospheric processes due to the
energy that reaches the Earth from the Sun.

It is a clean energy, producing no atmospheric emissions or polluting waste.

It does not require combustion produces carbon dioxide (CO2), so it does not contribute
to increased greenhouse effect or climate change.

Can be installed in areas unsuitable for other purposes, such as in desert areas near
the coast, dry and very steep slopes for cultivation.

Can coexist with other land uses, such as grassland for cattle grazing or low crops such
as wheat, corn, potatoes, beets, etc.

Creates a high number of jobs in assembly plants and installation areas.
Installation is quick, 6 months to a year.

Their inclusion in an inter-linked system allows, when wind conditions are appropriate,
save fuel in power stations and / or water in the reservoirs of hydroelectric plants.
They also can use the Solar thermal energy (STE) is a technology for harnessing solar energy for
thermal energy (heat). Solar thermal collectors are defined by the USA Energy Information
Administration as low-, medium-, or high-temperature collectors. Low temperature collectors
are flat plates generally used to heat swimming pools. Medium-temperature collectors are also
usually flat plates but are used for creating hot water for residential and commercial use. High
temperature collectors concentrate sunlight using mirrors or lenses and are generally used for
electric power production. STE is different from photovoltaics, which convert solar energy
directly into electricity. While only 600 megawatts of solar thermal power is up and running
worldwide in October 2009 according to Dr David Mills of Ausra, another 400 megawatts is
under construction and there are 14,000 megawatts of the more serious concentrating solar
thermal (CST) projects being developed.
ADVANTAJES:




It comes from an inexhaustible source of energy.
It is an energy harvesting system suitable for areas where power lines do not get (field,
islands), or is difficult and costly to transfer (it is a more than 5 Km).
The solar collection systems are easy to maintain.
The cost decreases as technology moves forward (fuel cost increases over time
because there are less)....
DISAVANTAJES:

The level of radiation varies from one area to another and from one season to another,
in our area varies by 20% from summer to winter).

To collect large-scale solar energy requires large tracts of land.

Requires large initial investment.

It should complement this method of converting energy with others.

Places where there is more radiation are desert and remote locations, (energy that was
not taken to develop agricultural or industrial activity, etc.).
Geothermal energy is energy that can be obtained by man through the use of heat
inside the Earth. The heat inside the earth is due to several factors, including the
geothermal gradient should be highlighted, the radiogenic heat, etc. Geothermal is
Greek geo, "Land" and thermos, "hot", literally "heat of the Earth."
Advantages
1. It is a source that would avoid dependence on foreign energy.
2. The waste produced is minimal and cause less environmental impact than those
initiated by oil, coal ...
3. Big savings system, both economic and energy
4. No outside noise
5. Geothermal resources are greater than the resources of coal, oil, natural gas and
uranium combined. [Citation needed]
6. Not subject to international prices, but you can always keep national or local
prices.
7. The area of land required for geothermal power plants is smaller per megawatt
than other plants. It does not require construction of dams, logging or construction of
fuel storage tanks.
Disadvantages
1. In some cases emission of hydrogen sulfide is detected by its smell of rotten eggs,
but in large amounts not paid and is lethal.
2. Also the emission of CO2, with increased greenhouse effect is less than would be
emitted for the same fuel energy.
3. Pollution of nearby waters with substances such as arsenic, ammonia, etc...
4. Thermal pollution.
5. Deterioration of the landscape.
6. Cannot be transported (as primary energy).
7. It is available only in certain places.
Tidal energy is obtained by taking advantage of the tides, ie the difference in average
height of the seas as the relative position of the Earth and Moon, and resulting from
the gravitational attraction of the latter and the Sun on the masses water of the seas.
This difference in height moving parts can be used by bringing the natural movement
of ascent or descent of the water, along with pipeline and storage mechanisms, for
movement on an axis.
By coupling to an alternator system can be used for electricity generation,
transforming wave energy into electrical energy, a form more useful and usable
energy. It is a type of clean renewable energy.
Tidal energy has the quality to be renewable, while the primary energy source is not
exhausted by their exploitation, and it is clear, since in the energy conversion products
are not produced gaseous pollutants, liquid or solid. However, the relationship
between the amount of energy that can be achieved with current resources and
economic and environmental cost of installing such devices for the process have
prevented a significant proliferation of this type of energy.
Other ways to extract energy from the sea are: waves, wave energy, the temperature
difference between surface and deep ocean waters, ocean thermal gradient, the
salinity of the ocean currents or offshore wind.
It is called hydraulic or hydro power to that obtained from the use of kinetic and
potential energy of the flow of rivers, waterfalls and tides. It is a type of green energy
when environmental impact is minimal and uses force water without dams, otherwise
it is considered only a form of renewable energy.
It can turn very different scales, existing small farms for centuries in which the flow of
a river moving rotor blades and generates an applied movement, for example, rural
mills. However, the most significant use are the hydroelectric dams, although the
latter are not considered forms of green energy by producing high environmental
impact.
When the suns heats the Earth and generate air currents, makes the water of the seas,
mainly evaporate and rise through the air and moved into the mountainous regions,
and then fall as rain. This water may be collected and retained by dams. Part of the
stored water is let out to move the blades of a turbine mesh with an electric
generator.
Economic benefits
The great advantage of hydropower is the elimination of fuel costs. The cost of
operating a water plant is nearly immune to the volatility of fossil fuels such as
gasoline, coal or natural gas. In addition, there is no need to import fuel from other
countries.
The hydro plants also tend to have economic lives longer than fuel power plants.
However, there are hydro plants are still operating after 50 to 100 years. Operating
costs are low because the plants are automated and have few people during normal
operation. These plants produce the same amount of carbon dioxide compared to gray
matter on the planet. This is beneficial to health.
Since hydro plants do not burn fuel, not directly produce carbon dioxide. Some carbon
dioxide is produced during the construction of the plants, but little, especially
compared to emissions from a plant that burns fuel equivalent.
Disadvantages
There are several, the constitution of the dam is the inundation of large tracts of land
and the neglect of the people.