Systems Investigation and Analysis
Systems Investigation and Analysis
Chapter 12
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
An Overview of Systems
Development
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Participants in Systems
Development
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Initiating Systems Development
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Information Systems Planning
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Aligning Corporate and IS Goals
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Developing a Competitive Advantage
• Creative analysis
• Critical analysis
– Going beyond automating manual systems
– Question assumptions
– Identify and resolve conflicting objectives
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Establishing Objectives for Systems
Development
• Performance objectives
– Output quality or usefulness
– Output format quality or usefulness
– Speed at which output is produced
• Cost objectives
– Development costs
– Fixed investments
– Ongoing operating costs
– Uniqueness costs
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Systems Development and E-
Commerce
• Internet technology - enables companies to extend their information systems beyond their boundaries to reach their customers, suppliers, and partners.
• Dynamic Core Business Application that runs over the Web - must be reliable and fault tolerant, providing continuous availability while processing all transactions accurately.
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Trends in Systems Development and ERP
• ERP vendor as one-stop provider
• Applications to integrate with ERP systems
• External consulting
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Systems Development Life
Cycles
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Systems Development Life Cycles
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
The Traditional Systems Development
Life Cycle
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Traditional SDLC
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Prototyping
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Sixth Edition
Prototyping
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Sixth Edition
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Prototyping
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Reasons for Outsourcing
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Factors Affecting Systems
Development Success
• Degree of Change
– Continuous Improvement versus Reengineering
– Managing change
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Factors Affecting Systems
Development Success
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Quality and Standards
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
The Capability Maturity Model (CMM)
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Project Management
• Project schedule
• Project milestone
• Project deadline
• Critical path
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Use of Project Management Tools
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Use of Project Management Tools
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Computer-Aided Software
Engineering (CASE) Tools
Automate many of the tasks required in a systems development effort and enforce adherence to the SDLC, thus instilling a high degree of rigor and standardization to the entire systems development process
• Upper-CASE tools - CASE packages that focus on activities associated with the early stages of systems development.
• Lower-CASE tools focus on the later stages of systems development and are capable of automatically generating structured program code.
• Integrated-CASE tools - provide links between upperand lower-CASE packages.
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
CASE Tools
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Object-Oriented Systems
Development
Object-oriented systems development typically involves:
• Identifying potential problems and opportunities within the organization that would be appropriate for the OO approach
• Defining the kind of system users require
• Designing the system
• Programming or modifying modules
• Evaluation by users
• Periodic review and modification
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Systems Investigation
In general, systems investigation attempts to uncover answers to the following questions:
– What primary problems might a new or enhanced system solve?
– What opportunities might a new or enhanced system provide?
– What new hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, personnel, or procedures will improve an existing system or are required in a new system?
– What are the potential costs (variable and fixed)?
– What are the associated risks?
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Participants in Systems Investigation
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Feasibility Analysis
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Sample Net Present Value
Calculation
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Object-Oriented Systems
Investigation
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
The Systems Investigation Report
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Systems Analysis
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Identifying Sources of Data
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Collecting Data
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Data Analysis
• Data modeling
• Activity modeling
• Application flowcharts
• Grid charts
• CASE tools
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Data and Activity Modeling
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Application Flowcharts
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Grid Charts
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Requirements Analysis
• Asking directly
• Critical success factors (CSFs)
• The IS plan
• Screen and report layout
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
The IS Plan
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Screen and Report Layout
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Object-Oriented Systems Analysis
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
The Systems Analysis Report
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Summary
• Systems development team - of stakeholders, users, managers, systems development specialists, and various support personnel
• Five phases of the traditional SDLC - investigation, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance and review
• Systems investigation participants - stakeholders, users, managers, employees, analysts, and programmers
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
