Systems Investigation and Analysis Chapter 12 Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 1 Chapter 12 Outline • An Overview of Systems Development • Systems Development Life Cycles • Factors Affecting Systems Development Success • Systems Investigation • Systems Analysis Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 2 An Overview of Systems Development Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 3 Participants in Systems Development Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 4 Initiating Systems Development Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 5 Information Systems Planning Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 6 Aligning Corporate and IS Goals Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 7 Developing a Competitive Advantage • Creative analysis • Critical analysis – Going beyond automating manual systems – Question assumptions – Identify and resolve conflicting objectives Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 8 Establishing Objectives for Systems Development • Performance objectives – Output quality or usefulness – Output format quality or usefulness – Speed at which output is produced • Cost objectives – Development costs – Fixed investments – Ongoing operating costs – Uniqueness costs Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 9 Systems Development and ECommerce • Internet technology - enables companies to extend their information systems beyond their boundaries to reach their customers, suppliers, and partners. • Dynamic Core Business Application that runs over the Web - must be reliable and fault tolerant, providing continuous availability while processing all transactions accurately. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 10 Trends in Systems Development and ERP • ERP vendor as one-stop provider • Applications to integrate with ERP systems • External consulting Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 11 Systems Development Life Cycles Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 12 Factors Affecting Systems Development Success Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 13 Systems Development Life Cycles Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 14 The Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 15 Advantages and Disadvantages of Traditional SDLC Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 16 Prototyping Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 17 Prototyping Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 18 Advantages and Disadvantages of Prototyping Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 19 Rapid Application Development (RAD) Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 20 Reasons for Outsourcing Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 21 Factors Affecting Systems Development Success • Degree of Change – Continuous Improvement versus Reengineering – Managing change Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 22 Factors Affecting Systems Development Success Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 23 Quality and Standards Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 24 The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 25 Project Management • • • • Project schedule Project milestone Project deadline Critical path Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 26 Use of Project Management Tools Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 27 Use of Project Management Tools Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 28 Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools Automate many of the tasks required in a systems development effort and enforce adherence to the SDLC, thus instilling a high degree of rigor and standardization to the entire systems development process • Upper-CASE tools - CASE packages that focus on activities associated with the early stages of systems development. • Lower-CASE tools - focus on the later stages of systems development and are capable of automatically generating structured program code. • Integrated-CASE tools - provide links between upperand lower-CASE packages. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 29 CASE Tools Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 30 Object-Oriented Systems Development Object-oriented systems development typically involves: • Identifying potential problems and opportunities within the organization that would be appropriate for the OO approach • Defining the kind of system users require • Designing the system • Programming or modifying modules • Evaluation by users • Periodic review and modification Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 31 Systems Investigation Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 32 Systems Investigation In general, systems investigation attempts to uncover answers to the following questions: – What primary problems might a new or enhanced system solve? – What opportunities might a new or enhanced system provide? – What new hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, personnel, or procedures will improve an existing system or are required in a new system? – What are the potential costs (variable and fixed)? – What are the associated risks? Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 33 Participants in Systems Investigation Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 34 Feasibility Analysis Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 35 Sample Net Present Value Calculation Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 36 Object-Oriented Systems Investigation Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 37 The Systems Investigation Report Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 38 Systems Analysis Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 39 Identifying Sources of Data Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 40 Collecting Data Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 41 Data Analysis • • • • • Data modeling Activity modeling Application flowcharts Grid charts CASE tools Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 42 Data and Activity Modeling Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 43 Application Flowcharts Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 44 Grid Charts Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 45 Requirements Analysis • • • • Asking directly Critical success factors (CSFs) The IS plan Screen and report layout Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 46 The IS Plan Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 47 Screen and Report Layout Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 48 Object-Oriented Systems Analysis Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 49 The Systems Analysis Report Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 50 Summary • Systems development team - of stakeholders, users, managers, systems development specialists, and various support personnel • Five phases of the traditional SDLC - investigation, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance and review • Systems investigation participants - stakeholders, users, managers, employees, analysts, and programmers Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 51 Principles and Learning Objectives • Effective systems development requires a team effort of stakeholders, users, managers, systems development specialists, and various support personnel, and it starts with careful planning. – Identify the key participants in the systems development process and discuss their roles. – Define the term information systems planning and list several reasons for initiating a systems project. – Identify important system performance requirements for applications that run on the Internet or a corporate intranet or extranet. – Discuss three trends that illustrate the impact of enterprise resource planning software packages on systems development. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 52 Principles and Learning Objectives • Systems development often uses tools to select, implement, and monitor projects, including net present value (NPV), prototyping, rapid application development, CASE tools, and object-oriented development. – Discuss the key features, advantages, and disadvantages of the traditional, prototyping, rapid application development, and enduser systems development life cycles. – Identify several factors that influence the success or failure of a systems development project. – Discuss the use of CASE tools and the object-oriented approach to systems development. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 53 Principles and Learning Objectives • Systems development starts with investigation and analysis of existing systems. – State the purpose of systems investigation. – Discuss the importance of performance and cost objectives. – State the purpose of systems analysis and discuss some of the tools and techniques used in this phase of systems development. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 54 End of Chapter 12 Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 55