Systems Investigation and Analysis
Chapter 12
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
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Chapter 12 Outline
• An Overview of Systems
Development
• Systems Development Life Cycles
• Factors Affecting Systems
Development Success
• Systems Investigation
• Systems Analysis
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An Overview of Systems
Development
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Participants in Systems
Development
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Initiating Systems Development
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Information Systems Planning
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Aligning Corporate and IS Goals
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Developing a Competitive Advantage
• Creative analysis
• Critical analysis
– Going beyond automating manual systems
– Question assumptions
– Identify and resolve conflicting objectives
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Establishing Objectives for Systems
Development
• Performance objectives
– Output quality or usefulness
– Output format quality or usefulness
– Speed at which output is produced
• Cost objectives
– Development costs
– Fixed investments
– Ongoing operating costs
– Uniqueness costs
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Systems Development and ECommerce
• Internet technology - enables companies to
extend their information systems beyond their
boundaries to reach their customers, suppliers,
and partners.
• Dynamic Core Business Application that
runs over the Web - must be reliable and fault
tolerant, providing continuous availability while
processing all transactions accurately.
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Trends in Systems Development and ERP
• ERP vendor as one-stop provider
• Applications to integrate with ERP systems
• External consulting
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Systems Development Life
Cycles
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Factors Affecting Systems
Development Success
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Systems Development Life Cycles
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The Traditional Systems Development
Life Cycle
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Advantages and Disadvantages of
Traditional SDLC
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Prototyping
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Prototyping
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Advantages and Disadvantages of
Prototyping
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Rapid Application Development (RAD)
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Reasons for Outsourcing
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Factors Affecting Systems
Development Success
• Degree of Change
– Continuous Improvement versus Reengineering
– Managing change
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Factors Affecting Systems
Development Success
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Quality and Standards
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The Capability Maturity Model (CMM)
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Project Management
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Project schedule
Project milestone
Project deadline
Critical path
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Use of Project Management Tools
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Use of Project Management Tools
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Computer-Aided Software
Engineering (CASE) Tools
Automate many of the tasks required in a systems development
effort and enforce adherence to the SDLC, thus instilling a high
degree of rigor and standardization to the entire systems
development process
• Upper-CASE tools - CASE packages that focus on activities
associated with the early stages of systems development.
• Lower-CASE tools - focus on the later stages of systems
development and are capable of automatically generating structured
program code.
• Integrated-CASE tools - provide links between upperand lower-CASE packages.
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CASE Tools
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Object-Oriented Systems
Development
Object-oriented systems development typically involves:
• Identifying potential problems and opportunities within the
organization that would be appropriate for the OO approach
• Defining the kind of system users require
• Designing the system
• Programming or modifying modules
• Evaluation by users
• Periodic review and modification
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Systems Investigation
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Systems Investigation
In general, systems investigation attempts to uncover
answers to the following questions:
– What primary problems might a new or enhanced system solve?
– What opportunities might a new or enhanced system provide?
– What new hardware, software, databases, telecommunications,
personnel, or procedures will improve an existing system or are
required in a new system?
– What are the potential costs (variable and fixed)?
– What are the associated risks?
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Participants in Systems Investigation
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Feasibility Analysis
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Sample Net Present Value
Calculation
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Object-Oriented Systems
Investigation
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The Systems Investigation Report
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Systems Analysis
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Identifying Sources of Data
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Collecting Data
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Data Analysis
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Data modeling
Activity modeling
Application flowcharts
Grid charts
CASE tools
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Data and Activity Modeling
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Application Flowcharts
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Grid Charts
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Requirements Analysis
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Asking directly
Critical success factors (CSFs)
The IS plan
Screen and report layout
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The IS Plan
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Screen and Report Layout
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Object-Oriented Systems Analysis
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The Systems Analysis Report
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Summary
• Systems development team - of stakeholders, users,
managers, systems development specialists, and
various support personnel
• Five phases of the traditional SDLC - investigation,
analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance and
review
• Systems investigation participants - stakeholders,
users, managers, employees, analysts, and
programmers
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• Effective systems development requires a team effort
of stakeholders, users, managers, systems
development specialists, and various support
personnel, and it starts with careful planning.
– Identify the key participants in the systems development
process and discuss their roles.
– Define the term information systems planning and list
several reasons for initiating a systems project.
– Identify important system performance requirements for
applications that run on the Internet or a corporate intranet or
extranet.
– Discuss three trends that illustrate the impact of enterprise
resource planning software packages on systems
development.
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• Systems development often uses tools to select,
implement, and monitor projects, including net present
value (NPV), prototyping, rapid application development,
CASE tools, and object-oriented development.
– Discuss the key features, advantages, and disadvantages of the
traditional, prototyping, rapid application development, and enduser systems development life cycles.
– Identify several factors that influence the success or failure of a
systems development project.
– Discuss the use of CASE tools and the object-oriented approach
to systems development.
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• Systems development starts with investigation
and analysis of existing systems.
– State the purpose of systems investigation.
– Discuss the importance of performance and cost
objectives.
– State the purpose of systems analysis and discuss
some of the tools and techniques used in this phase
of systems development.
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End of Chapter 12
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