WORLD ISSUES:
Development in Africa
ESSAY 1:
Factor X affects African development
more than any other. Discuss.
Factors Affecting African Development:
SOCIAL
POLITICAL
ECONOMIC
Health
Food And Water
Shortages
Education
Poor Governance
WAR & Conflict
DEBT
Trade Terms &
Cash Crops
Factor 7:Unfair Trade Terms
Hinders Africa Development
VARYING TRADE
• Being rich in national resources Africa should be a prosperous
continent with many products available to trade and sell to the
rest of the world
• E.G. oil reserves; coffee; cocoa; cotton & fruits however this is not
the case…
• Trade varies greatly from country to country
• Sudan – oil reserves & Malawi – growing cash crops e.g. crops grown
for cash rather than food
• Growing these cash crops means food is not grown for the
purpose of the African population
• As well as consuming valuable water
• 40% of farmers working in the cash crop industry
• It is important to remember that half of all food shipped has
rotted by the time it had hit the market place – this is caused by
weak infrastructure with the transportation of goods
• The situation remains that Africa exports food all over the world
while thousand of African die every day of starvation
Factor 7:Unfair Trade
Terms Africa Development
CONDITIONS OF LOANS
• There are usually conditions of receiving a development
loan from the IMF or World Bank
• Usually the requirement of growing specific crops to
sell on the open market for profit (cash crops) but
there are drawbacks to this…
• Heavy reliance on one/two cash crops is not sensible as
it creates a single primary export
• For example – Zambia gets 70% of its income from
copper, this means they are affected by fluctuating
prices in the market & poor harvests
• If Africa could earn more through trade, countries
would be able to rely less on foreign aid and loans
Factor 7:Unfair Trade
Terms Hinders Africa
Development
Why Is There Such In Africa…?
• Debts; (economic)
• Conflict; (political)
• Corruption Governments…
(political)
For this question you would compare
several factors in importance
Evaluate The Extent To Which A World Issue You Have
Studied (The Lack Of Development In Africa) Has Been
Caused By Social Problems (Poor Health) 12 MARKS
Factor 7:Unfair Trade Terms Hinders Africa Development
Questions:
1. Why should Africa be a rich continent?
2. What are the problems with cash crops?
3. How does weak infrastructure affect Trade?
4. Why is Africa’s food production controversial?
5. What conditions are linked to loans from the World
Bank?
6. What do cash crops make a country vulnerable to?
7. How could trade get Africa out of trouble?
Factor 6: Unfair Trade Terms Hinders Africa Development
TASK: Use The Plan To Write A Paragraph
‘With Reference To A World Issue You Have Studied Analyse
The Factors Which Have Caused The Issue.’ 12 Marks
1. Start with : “Another factor that contributes to the lack of
development in Africa is unfair trade terms.”
2. Why should Africa be prosperous continent? (Knowledge &
Example)
3. Explain that trade however varies between countries which
creates cash crops (Explain & Example)
4. What are the problems that go with cash crops? (Explain &
Example)
5. Link unfair trade to debt (Knowledge)
6. Explain the problems this causes e.g. Zambia (Explain &
Example)
7. Sum up that trade could be Africa's way out of poverty but it
depends on how governments would spend their increased budget
Timed Essay & Question
You Have 1 Hour To Answer 2
Knowledge Questions (in exam)
1. Evaluate the extent to which a world issue
you have studied has been caused only by
political problems. 12 Marks (Monday)
2. To what extent has a world issue you
have studied had an impact in different
countries? 20 Marks (Handed in next
Friday)