Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Your Skeletal System
Objectives
Identify the five main roles of the skeletal
system.
Describe the functions of bones and joints.
Explain how you can keep your skeletal
system healthy.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Quick Quiz Complete each of these statements with
always, sometimes, or never.
I ____ warm up before exercising.
When I ride a bicycle or play contact sports, I ____
wear a helmet and other protective gear.
When I ride in a vehicle, I ____ fasten my seat belt.
My backpack for school is ____ less that 15% of my
body weight.
I ____ make an effort to eat balance meals and
exercise regularly.
Why do you think that teens might not always practice
these healthful behaviors?
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Functions of the Skeletal System
Your skeletal system has five main roles.
• provides support
• protects internal organs
• allows your body to move
• stores and produces materials that your body
needs
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Support and Protection
• Your skeleton is made up of all the bones in
your body.
• Your skeleton gives your body its basic shape and
provides the support that you need.
• Many bones of the skeletal system protect internal
organs.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Movement
In coordination with your muscular and nervous
systems, your skeletal system allows you to move.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Storage and Production of Materials
• Your bones store essential substances which are
released when other parts of the body need them.
• Some bones also produce blood cells.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Skull
The Skeletal System
9
1) Sternum (breastbone)
10
1
2) Vertebral column (backbone)
3) Carpals
12) Ribs
4) Metacarpals
13) Radius
5) Phalanges
14) Ulna
6) Tarsals
15) Pelvic girdle
7) Metatarsals
16) Femur
8) Phalanges
17) Patella
9) Clavicle (collarbone)
18) Fibula
10) Scapula (shoulder blade) 19) Tibia
11) Humerus
11
2
12
13
15
3
4
5
14
16
17
18
19
6
7
8
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Bones and Joints
• Your skeletal system is made up of just over 200
bones.
• A place in your body where two or more of your
bones come together is called a joint.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Development of Bones
• Your bones are living structures that undergo change
throughout your life.
• Cartilage is a tough supportive tissue that is softer
and more flexible than bone.
• By young adulthood, most of this cartilage is
replaced by bone in a process called ossification
(ahs uh fih KAY shun).
• In a process called ossification minerals, such as
calcium and phosphorus, are deposited within the
cartilage, making it hard.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Structure of Bones
• Bone consists of two different types of tissue—
compact bone and spongy bone.
• Another type of tissue called marrow fills the spaces
in bones.
• There are two types of marrow—red and yellow.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Compact Bone
Compact bone makes up the
outer layer of all bones. Although
it looks dense and solid, It is full
of holes for nerves and blood vessels.
Outer Membrane
An outer membrane
covers most of a long bone.
The inner portion of a membrane
contains cells that build up and
breakdown bone.
Central Cavity
Central cavities in long
bones usually contain
yellow bone marrow (fat).
Spongy Bone
Spongy bone contains flat
and needlelike structures
that resist stress. Red bone
marrow may fill the open
spaces in some bones.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Joints
• Joints allow for movement and protect bones from
friction and force.
• Bones are held together at joints by strong, fibrous
bands called ligaments.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Pivot Joint
A pivot joint connects your
head to the first vertebra in
your backbone. It allows you
to turn your head from
side to side.
Gliding Joint
Gliding joints allow
movement in many
directions as the bones
slide along each other.
Your wrists and ankles contain
gliding joints.
Ball-and-Socket Joint
A ball-and-socket joint allows movement
in all directions. Your shoulders and hips
are ball-and-socket joints.
Hinge Joint
Hinge joints allow
bending and straightening
movements.Your knees
and elbows are
hinge joints.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Active Art: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
For: More on movable joints
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Keeping Healthy
• A combination of eating well, exercising, and
avoiding injuries contributes to lifelong bone and
joint health.
• Regular medical checkups can help detect skeletal
system problems.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Eating Well
• Adequate intake of calcium and phosphorus will help your
bones grow to their maximum size and strength.
• Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones
become weak and break easily.
• Other nutrients that are important for bone health
include potassium, magnesium, and vitamins A, C,
and D.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Exercising
• Another way to build strong bones and prevent
osteoporosis is to get plenty of weight-bearing
exercise.
• Activities in which the bones support the entire
weight of your body help your bones grow strong and
dense.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Avoiding Bone Injuries
• A fracture is a break in a bone.
• You can protect your bones from fractures.
• When participating in a physical activity, wear
appropriate safety equipment, such as helmets and
pads.
• Always wear a seat belt when traveling in a vehicle.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Avoiding Joint Injuries
Proper warm-up and stretching exercises are important to
help prevent joint injuries.
• Sprains A sprain is an overstretched or torn ligament.
• Dislocations In a dislocation, the ends of the bones in a
joint are forced out of their normal positions.
• Torn Cartilage Serious damage to the cartilage between
the bones in a joint is known as torn cartilage.
• Overuse Injuries When an activity is performed too often
or too strenuously, joints may become irritated and
inflamed.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Medical Checkups
• A doctor can advise you on how to prevent serious
injury or recommend other professionals who can
help you.
• A nurse or doctor may check your spine for
scoliosis (skoh lee OH sis), an abnormal curvature
of the spine.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Vocabulary
joint
cartilage
A place in the body where two or more
bones meet.
A tough, supportive tissue that is softer and
more flexible than bone.
ossification
The process during infancy and childhood in
which cartilage is replaced by bone.
marrow
The soft tissue that fills spaces inside bones.
ligament
A strong, fibrous band that holds bones together
at a joint.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Vocabulary
osteoporosis
fracture
sprain
dislocation
scoliosis
A condition in which a significant loss of bone
mass causes bones to become weak and break
easily.
A break in a bone.
An overstretched or torn ligament.
An injury that occurs when the ends of the
bones in a joint are forced out of their normal
positions.
An abnormal curvature of the spine.
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
QuickTake Quiz
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
End of Section 11.1
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