Solids, Liquids and Gases
Vocabulary
1.
Solid-A state of matter that has a definite volume and definite
shape.
2. Crystalline Solid-A substance that is made up of crystals in which
particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.
3. Amorphous Solid-A slid made up of particles that are not arranged
in a regular pattern.
4. Liquid-A state of matter that had no definite shape but has a
definite volume.
5. Fluid-Any substance that can flow.
6. Viscosity-The resistance of a liquid to flowing.
7. Gas-A state o matter with no definite shape or volume.
8. Melting-The change in state from a solid-to a liquid.
9. Freezing-The change in state from a liquid to a solid.
10. Vaporization-The change of state from a liquid to a gas.
Vocabulary
1. Heat-amount of energy transferred from one object or place
to another.
2. Specific Heat-A material’s ability to take in or give off heat.
3. Insulator-Object or material that prevents conduction.
4. Kinetic Energy-The particles of matter are in constant
motion.
5. Temperature-measure of the average kinetic energy of matter.
6. Expansion-an increase in the size of an object.
Solids
• Definite Volume, Definite Shape
• Particles are in Fixed Position
• Particles Vibrate.
Types of Solids
• Crystalline Solids-Made of Crystals Ex. Salt
• Amorphous Solids-Not regular arrangement of
particles Ex. Plastic/Ruber
Liquids
• Particles are tightly packed.
• Particles move freely.
• No definite shape but have definite volume.
Viscosity-The resistance of flow of
liquids.
• Molasses has high viscosity.
• Water has low viscosity.
• The lower the temperature, the greater the viscosity.
Gases
• No definite shape. No definite volume.
• The volume and shape is that of the container.
• Move at high speeds.
Temperature
• Temperature is a measure of the average
kinetic energy of the individual particles in an
object. Kinetic Energy is energy of motion.
Producing Heat
• A heat source is anything that gives off heat.
• Most forms of energy produce heat.
• Heat moves from regions of high temperature
to regions of low temperature.
Temperature Scales
1. Fahrenheit Scale
2. Celsius Scale
3. Kelvin Scale
Thermal Energy
• Thermal Energy is the total energy in a substance. Depends on
a.
b.
c.
The temperature
The mass
How the particles are arranged.
Specific Heat
• Different Materials heat up and cool down at different rates.
• The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram by 1
degree Kelvin
• Water has a high specific heat. It takes in and gives off heat very slowly.
Specific Heat Examples
• A lake’s large mass and
water’s high specific heat
prevent the lake’s temperature
from changing quickly.
• Iron and Aluminum have low
specific heats. Because they
heat up quickly, they make
good cooking utensils.
Changes between a Liquid and Solid
• Melting-Solid to Liquid
• Freezing-Liquid to Solid
Changes between a Liquid and Gas
• Vaporization – Liquid to Gas
– Boiling=throughout liquid.
– Evaporation=from surface.
Condensation-Gas to Liquid