Challenges For The Marine Transportation System Captain David B. MacFarland The MARINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM The Nation’s network of oceans, lakes, rivers, canals, locks and dams • 95,000 miles of U.S. coastline • 25,000 miles of navigable channels • 326 public/private ports, 3700 marine terminals • Supports 13M jobs, contributes $718B to U.S. GDP • 78% of foreign trade in/out of U.S. by ship • 78M recreational boaters; $26B spent in FY00 for boaters • Every U.S. citizen relies on the MTS: energy delivery, exports, transportation, cost-effective consumer goods, recreation, environmental protection U.S. Coast Guard TagHeuer Watch Swiss made Imported Port of NY/NJ Everyone depends on the MTS for something… food, work or play! Renault toy car Made in Taiwan Imported Port of LA/Long Beach Salomon SnowBlades Made in France Imported Port of Philadelphia Canon Ixus Made in Japan Imported Port of Tacoma BMW 3 Series Made in Germany Imported Port of Baltimore From Renault advertisement Brought to you courtesy of the U.S. Marine Transportation System Energy Transportation Challenge: Uninterrupted delivery to meet increasing needs Oil [Crude and Finished] •2000 Imports 4B barrels •2000 Exports 379M barrels •2000 U.S. Transship’d 2.6B barrels Total 7B Barrels Liquid Natural Gas •1999 Imports 217.9 BCF •1999 Exports 167.3 BCF Total Shipping is the cheapest and most environmentally friendly form of transport NOAA 385.2BCF Coal •2000 Imports 11M tons •2000 Exports 58M tons •2000 U.S. Transship’d 218M tons Total 287M tons U.S. Depends on Uninterrupted Flow of Goods and Energy Products that Fuel A Nation COMMERCIAL SHIPPING AFFECTS EVERYONE West Coast Ports Shut Down ’99 Report to Congress: An Assessment of the U.S. Marine Transportation System Critical MTS Issues Critical MTS Issues • ECONOMY – total volume of maritime trade will more than DOUBLE in 20 years • INFRASTRUCTURE – Crumbling, undersized, aging; compromises safety • TRAFFIC – More ships, more CONGESTION U.S. Coast Guard • SECURITY – fewer overseas bases … rely on deployment • Homeland Security Ports Critical MTS Issues • SAFETY – 3500 commercial shipping accidents annually on U.S. waterways, 6500 recreational • HAZMAT – over 50% cargo is oil or hazardous material • ENVIRONMENT – Increased Stress Dredging, Port expansion Data Needs: Critical Underkeel Clearance Issues require more accurate information 1’ of draft = $3M in autos $100K in coal TRANSPORTATION MODE COMPARISON – ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT EFFICIENCY EMISSIONS PRODUCED Pollutants (in pounds) produced in moving one ton of cargo 1,000 miles Towboat Train Truck HydroCarbon .09 .46 .63 Carbon Monoxide .20 .64 1.90 Nitrous Oxide .53 1.83 10.17 Source: Environmental Advantages of Inland Barge Transportation, DOT MARAD, 1994 Container Ship Evolution 2000 New Build Orders Expansion of World Post-Panamax Container Fleet 62% “Mega Ships” 5,000+ TEUs 4,000 - 4,900 TEUs 167 Vessels on Order 3,000 - 3,900 TEUs 2,000 - 2,999 TEUs 1,000 - 1,999 TEUs <1000 TEUs Vessel Size 0 60 Number of Orders Source: Containerisation International Yearbook, 2000 120 15,000 TEU Containership L.O.A. = 400 m (1,312 ft.) Draft = 14 m (46 ft.) BEAM = 69 m (226 ft.) Cruise Industry $11B 1997 $18B 2000 8+% Annual Growth MEGA SHIPS LA/Long Beach Mega Ports Port of Los Angeles Port of New Orleans MEGA PORTS Millennium Port Brownfields Competing Uses San Pedro Bay Ports Cargo Growth Implications • At current growth and per acre productivity, 9,400 new acres of container terminal will be required by 2020 • Current POLB/POLA container terminal acreage = 1,880 acres • By 2010, the POLB/POLA will require over 5000 new acres dedicated to containers • By 2020, a 6,800 acre shortfall ! China Shipping – 9800 TEUS! COSCO photo CHINA SHIPPING HAS 33 VESSELS ON ORDER… 3 ARE 9800 TEU for TRANSIT FROM FAR EAST TO U.S. WEST COAST COSCO’s 9800 TEU Vessel = 4900 Trucks Traveling at 60 MPH, that’s a line of trucks stretching over 320 miles down the highway! Overseas Inland Trade: Truck Traffic on U.S. Highway Network, 2020 (Tons) with Transshipment Routes MEGA PROBLEMS Mega Problems National Transportation Safety Board The QE2 Tug Mauvilla Jessica -- Galapagos National Transportation Safety Board U.S. Coast Guard MEGA PROBLEMS Houston Ship Channel: The Texas Chicken U.S. Coast Guard Houston Ship Channel: a frequent condition HOUSTON. Feb 27 2001 (Reuters) – Fog closed the Houston Ship Channel to inbound traffic again on Tuesday… Earlier this month fog led to long delays for vessels using the channel, causing a backlog of almost 80 ships at one point… Port of Houston •Direct costs for deep-sea vessels delayed due to fog est’d at $4.9M in 2000 •One petrochemical company est’d total ancillary costs at $30-40M 1st Qtr 2001 NOAA NOAA GPS Continuously Operated Reference System “Accurate Positioning Key to Safe Navigation” NOAA’s Navigation Services: Surveying WRECKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL CHARTS Available for Free on the Internet (400,000 in first 2 years) 1,800,000 last year Reduce transportation delays with low visibility navigation PORTS® Water Levels, Currents, Winds, Salinity, (Visibility) Air Gap MARINE WEATHER FORECASTS Issues marine warnings and forecasts Continually monitors and analyzes maritime data Provides guidance of marine atmospheric variables Spill Management 700+ hazardous waste sites contaminate our coasts 2M gallons of oil spilt a year from marine accidents Spill Trajectory Modeling – Contingency Planning Hazmat spill prevention and response Major MTS Players and Pieces: U.S. Coast Guard •Vessel Traffic Management Army Corps of Engineers •Aids to Navigation •Channel Maintenance •Notices to Mariners •Dredging NOAA •Law Enforcement •Lock and Dam Repair •PORTS® •Automatic Identification System •ENC’s, Nautical Charts •Marine Weather Forecasts •Accurate GPS Positioning •Hydrographic Surveys •Hazmat Cleanup MARAD •Intermodal, Port Development EPA •Domestic Merchant Marine Fleet •Dredged Material Use •National Defense •Invasive Species •Shipbuilding •Ballast Water •US Merchant Marine Academy INTEGRATED MTS INFRASTRUCTURE A COMPLETE PICTURE