ENGLISH – LEVEL VI
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Week 13 – Lesson 22
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Prepositions
Fill in the gaps with correct prepositions if necessary:
The chart shows fluctuations in the price of crude oil over a thirty five year period, and
clearly illustrates how oil prices are affected by world events.
In general there has been an upward trend in the price of crude oil [1]…….. 1970, when it
was only$1.30 per barrel. The oil embargo of the early 1970s, however, caused the price to
rise sharply [2]…….. nearly $11 per barrel. The crisis ended soon afterwards, but the
price remained [3]…….. around $11 to $13 per barrel until 1979. The Iranian revolution
of that year had a huge impact on oil prices, which shot up [4]…….. $17 to reach [5]……..
about $30 per barrel in the same year. The following Iran-Iraq war caused a further
increase, and the price reached [6]…….. a peak [7]…….. nearly $36 in 1980. From that
point until 1985, the price fell steadily. However, from 1985 to 1986 the price suddenly
plunged [8]…….. $13. For the next few years the price fluctuated [9]…….. $14, but with
the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 there was a sudden rise [10]…….. $5. The price quickly
fell again and remained stable for most of the 1990s.
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Things changed once again at the end of the decade, and from 1999 to 2000 the price
increased [11]…….. almost $10 per barrel. Despite a slight drop in 2000, the rise
continued and by the end of the period, the price of crude oil had shot up [12]…….. a peak
of $50 per barrel.
Prepositions
KEY:
The chart shows fluctuations in the price of crude oil over a thirty five year
period, and clearly illustrates how oil prices are affected by world events.
In general there has been an upward trend in the price of crude oil [1]since
1970, when it was only$1.30 per barrel. The oil embargo of the early 1970s,
however, caused the price to rise sharply [2]to nearly $11 per barrel. The crisis
ended soon afterwards, but the price remained [3] at around $11 to $13 per
barrel until 1979. The Iranian revolution of that year had a huge impact on oil
prices, which shot up [4] by $17 to reach [5] – about $30 per barrel in the same
year. The following Iran-Iraq war caused a further increase, and the price
reached [6] – a peak [7] of nearly $36 in 1980. From that point until 1985, the
price fell steadily. However, from 1985 to 1986 the price suddenly plunged [8]
to $13. For the next few years the price fluctuated [9] around $14, but with
the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 there was a sudden rise [10] of $5. The price
quickly fell again and remained stable for most of the 1990s.
Things changed once again at the end of the decade, and from 1999 to 2000 the
price increased [11] to almost $10 per barrel. Despite a slight drop in 2000, the
rise continued and by the end of the period, the price of crude oil had shot up
[12] around a peak of $50 per barrel.
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Future forms – revision
4
Future forms – revision
KEY:
A:
1. ‘ll take
2. are you going to call
3. are going to offer
4. ‘ll send
5. is going to learn
B:
1. arrives
2. ‘re staying
3. begins
4. am travelling
5. departs
6. are seeing
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Future forms – revision
C Complete the sentences using one of the future forms:
1) The train __________ at 11:45. (to leave)
2) We __________ dinner at a nice restaurant on Saturday. (to have)
3) It __________ in the mountains tomorrow evening. (to snow)
4) On Sunday at 8 o'clock I __________ my friend. (to meet)
5) They __________ to London on Friday evening. (to fly)
6) Wait! I __________ you to the station. (to drive)
7) The English lesson __________ at 8:45. (to start)
8) I __________ my sister in April. (to see)
9) Look at the clouds - it __________ in a few minutes. (to rain)
10) Listen! There's someone at the door. I __________ the door for you. (to open)
11) I ______________ you the money back next week. (to give)
12) They _____________ the day off on the 7th. (to take)
13) When you _____________ the report, put it on my desk. (to finish)
14) If I _______________ Michael, I ____________him the message. (to see, to give)
15) I ___________ Christmas in the Bahamas. The plane _____________ on the
20th. (to spend, to leave)
16) Our costs were too high last year. This year, we __________ our costs. (to reduce)
17) We ______________ this report by 10 pm. (to finish)
18) This company _________________ with our company by September. (to merge)
19) I _______________ my colleagues at 5.15. (to meet)
20) The prices _________________ by next year. (to double)
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Future forms – revision
KEY:
1) The train leaves at 11:45. (to leave)
2) We are going to have/are having dinner at a nice restaurant on Saturday. (to have)
3) It’s going snow tin the mountains tomorrow evening. (to snow)
4) On Sunday at 8 o'clock I’m meeting my friend. (to meet)
5) They are flying to London on Friday evening. (to fly)
6) Wait! I’ll drive you to the station. (to drive)
7) The English lesson starts at 8:45. (to start)
8) I’m going to see my sister in April. (to see)
9) Look at the clouds – it’s going to rain in a few minutes. (to rain)
10) Listen! There's someone at the door. I’ll open the door for you. (to open)
11) I’ll give you the money back next week. (to give)
12) They are taking/are going to take the day off on the 7th. (to take)
13) When you finish the report, put it on my desk. (to finish)
14) If I see Michael, I’ll give him the message. (to see, to give)
15) I’m spending Christmas in the Bahamas. The plane leaves on the
20th. (to spend, to leave)
16) Our costs were too high last year. This year, we are going to reduce our costs. (to reduce)
17) We will have finished this report by 10 pm. (to finish)
18) This company will have merged with our company by September. (to merge)
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19) I’m meeting my colleagues at 5.15. (to meet)
20) The prices will have doubled by next year. (to double)
Pie charts – review
Complete the gaps:
almost
account for
in conclusion
third
describes
The graph ________________ the reasons for moving house. Overall, people move for
personal reasons.
More than one ________________ (34%) move due to divorce or marriage. The second
reason is to look for a bigger or smaller house. ________________ 20% of people moved
for this reason. The other reasons for moves are job-related (12%) and to move to a
better area (9%). Finally, other reasons ________________ 26% of moves.
________________, people move for a variety of reasons, but bigger houses and
personal reasons are the main ones.
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Pie charts – review
KEY:
The graph describes the reasons for moving house. Overall, people move
for personal reasons.
More than one third (34%) move due to divorce or marriage. The second
reason is to look for a bigger or smaller house. Almost 20% of people
moved for this reason. The other reasons for moves are job-related (12%)
and to move to a better area (9%). Finally, other reasons account for 26%
of moves.
In conclusion, people move for a variety of reasons, but bigger houses
and personal reasons are the main ones.
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Pie charts – review
finally
by far
figures
less than
three quarters
quarters
as can be seen
The pie-chart gives information on the world population _______________ in 2001.
Overall, almost __________________ of the world’s population live in Asia and Africa.
Asia is _______________ the biggest region, with 3721 million people. The second
largest area is Africa, with 813 million, _______________ a quarter of Asia’s
population. Europe has three _______________ of a billion people. Together, Latin
America and North America have about 840 million. _______________ , Australia and
New Zealand have less than 31 million.
_______________, the greatest concentration of the world’s population is in Asia, with
Africa far behind.
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Pie charts – review
KEY:
The pie-chart gives information on the world population figures in 2001.
Overall, almost three quarters of the world’s population live in Asia and
Africa. Asia is by far the biggest region, with 3721 million people. The
second largest area is Africa, with 813 million, less than a quarter of
Asia’s population. Europe has three quarters of a billion people.
Together, Latin America and North America have about 840 million.
Finally, Australia and New Zealand have less than 31 million.
As can be seen, the greatest concentration of the world’s population is in
Asia, with Africa far behind..
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Pie charts – review
followed
expenditure
over
ranged
accounted for
highest
total
bottom
This pie chart tells us about how Americans spend their money. The total
_________________ is $1.2 trillion, divided into eleven categories.
The _________________ percentage is spent on food, drink and tobacco: 23 cents in every
dollar. Housing and household operations _________________ 15 cents each,
_________________ by transportation with 13 cents. Medical care, clothing and jewellery,
and recreation _________________ from 9 to 7 cents. 5% of the _________________ was
spent on personal business while only 2% was spent on private education and research.
At the _________________ end were personal care, foreign travel and religious and
welfare activities. All three took just 1% each of the total spent.
This chart shows us that _________________ half of the money spent by Americans was
in consumer durables such as food and drink, and homes and house maintenance.
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Pie charts – review
KEY:
This pie chart tells us about how Americans spend their money. The total
expenditure is $1.2 trillion, divided into eleven categories.
The highest percentage is spent on food, drink and tobacco: 23 cents in every
dollar. Housing and household operations accounted for 15 cents each, followed
by transportation with 13 cents. Medical care, clothing and jewellery, and
recreation ranged from 9 to 7 cents. 5% of the total was spent on personal
business while only 2% was spent on private education and research. At the
bottom end were personal care, foreign travel and religious and welfare
activities. All three took just 1% each of the total spent.
This chart shows us that over half of the money spent by Americans was in
consumer durables such as food and drink, and homes and house maintenance.
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Pie charts – review
shows
overall
slice
about
as much
less than
total
account for
The graph ____________ the chief uses of the apple crop in the US.
____________ , the bulk of the harvest is either eaten fresh or made into
juice.
The biggest ____________ of the pie-chart is taken up by fresh fruit.
____________ 60% of the crop is eaten fresh. This is three times
____________ as the next use, which is for juice. ____________ 20% of
apples in the US are turned into apple juice. A further 12% is canned,
and a ____________ of 5% is either frozen or dried. Other remaining
uses, such as apple vinegar, ____________ just 5% of the crop.
It’s clear that although a small amount of apples are processed
into frozen, dried or canned products, the great bulk of the crop is
sold straight from the tree.
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Pie charts – review
KEY:
The graph shows the chief uses of the apple crop in the US. Overall, the
bulk of the harvest is either eaten fresh or made into juice.
The biggest slice of the pie-chart is taken up by fresh fruit. About 60% of
the crop is eaten fresh. This is three times as much as the next use, which
is for juice. Less than 20% of apples in the US are turned into apple juice.
A further 12% is canned, and a total of 5% is either frozen or dried. Other
remaining uses, such as apple vinegar, account for just 5% of the crop.
It’s clear that although a small amount of apples are processed into
frozen, dried or canned products, the great bulk of the crop is sold
straight from the tree.
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Describing graphs – review
significantly
slight increase
drop quickly
sharp increase
rises
peak
decline
fluctuation
The graph shows the _______________ in the number of people at a London underground
station over the course of a day.
The busiest time of the day is in the morning. There is a _______________ between 06:00 and
08:00, with 400 people using the station at 8 o'clock. After this the numbers _______________ to
less than 200 at 10 o'clock. Between 11 am and 3 pm the number _______________, with a
plateau of just under 300 people using the station. In the afternoon, numbers _______________,
with less than 100 using the station at 4 pm. There is then a rapid rise to a _______________ of
380 at 6pm. After 7 pm, numbers fall _______________, with only a _______________ again at
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8pm, tailing off after 9 pm.
Overall, the graph shows that the station is most crowded in the early morning and early
evening
Describing graphs – review
KEY:
The graph shows the fluctuation in the number of people at a London
underground station over the course of a day.
The busiest time of the day is in the morning. There is a sharp increase
between 06:00 and 08:00, with 400 people using the station at 8 o'clock.
After this the numbers drop quickly to less than 200 at 10 o'clock.
Between 11 am and 3 pm the number rises, with a plateau of just under
300 people using the station. In the afternoon, numbers decline, with less
than 100 using the station at 4 pm. There is then a rapid rise to a peak of
380 at 6pm. After 7 pm, numbers fall significantly, with only a slight
increase again at 8pm, tailing off after 9 pm.
Overall, the graph shows that the station is most crowded in the early
morning and early evening periods.
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Describing graphs – review
a drop
rising sharply
recovered
sudden increase reaching an annual low almost doubled
back to
declined steadily
remained steady slumping consistently estimated
The line graph shows ________________ sales of gold in Dubai for 12 months in 2002 in
millions of dirhams. There were two main seasons for gold sales.
The main season for sales is in the
December to May period. Sales were ________________ above 200 million dirhams per
month, ________________ to a peak of 350 million dirhams in March. However, for the next
four months, sales ________________, ________________ of 120 million dirhams in July. In
August, there was a ________________. Sales ________________, rising from 120 million
dirhams in July to 210 million dirhams in August. This was followed by ________________ in
September, ________________ the July figure. From September to October, sales
________________, from 120 to 180 million. In October and November, sales
________________, and there was a small increase in December to 190 million dirhams.
In conclusion, the main sales period is in the early part of
the year, ________________ in the summer, except for a sudden increase in August.
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Describing graphs – review
KEY:
The line graph shows estimated sales of gold in Dubai for 12 months in
2002 in millions of dirhams. There were two main seasons for gold sales.
The main season for sales is in the December to May period. Sales were
consistently above 200 million dirhams per month, rising sharply to a
peak of 350 million dirhams in March. However, for the next four
months, sales declined steadily, reaching an annual low of 120 million
dirhams in July. In August, there was a sudden increase. Sales almost
doubled, rising from 120 million dirhams in July to 210 million dirhams
in August. This was followed by a drop in September, back to the July
figure. From September to October, sales recovered, from 120 to 180
million. In October and November, sales remained steady, and there was
a small increase in December to 190 million dirhams.
In conclusion, the main sales period is in the early part of the year,
slumping in the summer, except for a sudden increase in August.
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