Chapter 10 Section 1

• Differences in economy and culture had developed between
N and S

• N was industrializing rapidly
• Factories mass producing products
• RR crisscrossed trhe N & extended
W carrying goods
• Small towns like Chicago wuickly turn into cities due to large vol. of ppl & goods arriving via RR
• Immigrants (Irish & German) became factory workers while others go west

• Immigrants became vboters who strongly opposed slavery because…
• Expansion of slavery would bring slave labor in direct competition w/ ppl who worked for wages
• Thretened to reduce status of white workers who could not successfully compete w/ slaves

• Remained predominantly rural w/ planations & small farms
• Its econ. Depended on agriculture
• Especially cotton
• Did not take advantage of tech. mprovements like the N (RR & Tele.)
• Pop. Grwew slower
• Im. Did not settle in S because most jobs held by slaves
• S feared restriction of slavery  destruction of the S econ. & culture

• Dem. Congressmen David Wilmont increases tensions between N and S by proposing the Wilmot Proviso
• WP= slavery & involuntary servitude is outlawed in any terr. That might be ganed in war w/ mexico

• N accepted WP not because they were all abolotinists but because tey were angry over S congressman’s refusal to vote for internal impr.
• Alsdo feared adding more slave states would give s\them more power in congress
• S opposed WP claiming it was unconstitutional because slaves were prop. And the constitution protects property
• Feared that it would add more free states and give them more power in congress

B. Statehood for California
• Cali’s pop grew quick due to the gold rush  created a state constitution which forbade slavery & applied to become state
• S were angry because they assumed the
Mizzou comp that opened area to slavery would guarantee it to become slave states
• Pres. Taylor approves constitution because he believed S could combate abolitionists best by leaving it up to the ppl/terr/states instead of congress
• S began to wuestion whether it should remain in the Union

III the Senate Debates
• Sectional conflicts arise from Cali’s admission as a state
• N demands abolition in DC
• S accuses N nof not enforcing fugitive slave act  threaten to secede
• Secession= formal withdrawel of a state from the union

• Henry Clay proposes a set of resolutions called the
Compromise of 1850 to solve sectional divide
• Hoped it would end all controversy between free and slave states due to slavery

• Contained procisions to appease N and S
• To please N  Cali would become free state
• To please S  proposed new and more effective fugitive slave law
• Come provisions pleased both N and S
• Pop sov= the right of residents in a terr. To vote for or against slavery
• Fed gov’t would pay texas to give up its claim to NM
• N happy because it limited slavery to Texas & S because
$$ would help texas w/ its expenses from war w/
Mexico

• Clay’s speech defends his plan and marks one of the greatest pol. Debates in US history
• Calhoun then follows w/ the S case for slavery  Webster’s response which calls for national unity (pg
286)

• Despite Clay and Websters attempt the Senate rejected the
Comp.
 Clay leaves DC and Stephen Douglas picks up the reigns
• Douglass changes plan from Omnibus bill to an unbundled one and reintroduces it one provision at a time
• This way, congressmen who didn’t like part of it didn’t have to vote against the entire thing but only vote for what he liked
• Pres. Taylor dies  Fillmore takes his place (supports the comp.)
• Comp of 1850 passes into law believed this would forever sttle the question of slavery and sectional diff.
• Unfortunatly the enforcement of the Fugtive Slave Act would bring crisis back to the forefront