Introduction
Bibliographic instruction is training that is offered to students to achieve the
following objectives:
 To train library users to be independent in searching for information.
 unveils the information world to students.
 Empowers students with self confidence to become life long leaners.
 Strives to meet the information literacy competency standards for higher
education.
 Enhances the quality of students work ( improve students’ research ability)
Library Services
Client Services
Information Services
 Main reserve
 Government Documents
 Circulation Desk
 Africana Reserve
 Inter- Library Loan
 Law Reserve
 Subjects Librarians
Information sources in the library
 Books and eBooks
 CD Roms
 Audio visuals
 Video Cassettes
 Periodicals(journals,
 Subscribed Databases
newspapers, and magazines)
 Print and Online Reference
Sources
 Internet
Library catalogue
The library catalogue is a register of all bibliographic items found in a library
or group of libraries. A bibliographic item can be any information entity (e.g.,
books and audio visuals, etc.) that is considered library material.
 The library catalogue enables the users to view the collection from
Turfloop, Medunsa, Mankweng and Polokwane libraries.
 Users are able to select or limit their search to a preferred library.
The Library catalogue can be accesses
in two ways
URL Access

Click on ‘internet
explorer’
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Type in this address
http://196.21.109.8:208
2 or click here

on the address bar

Press enter
The library catalogue
screen will appear
University Website Access
 Click on ‘internet explorer’
 Type in this address
http://www.ul.ac.za in the
address bar
 Press enter
 Click on Library
 Click Library Catalogue
 The library catalogue screen will
appear
Access points which can be used to
search the catalogue
 Keyword (e.g. library management)
 Title (e.g. Romeo and Juliet)
 Author (e.g. Shakespeare, William)
 Subject (e.g. Global warming)
 Depending on your search terms you can use any of the above access points
NB. Example of doing title search
Type the title of the book in the search box as indicated in the following
slide
Where book is
located
Address of the book
on the shelf
Availability of the
book
Search results
 The previous slide shows the copy
status of the record, which consists
of the location, call no and the
status of the book.
 Location - the place where the
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book is located e.g.
Main reserve
Africana
Turfloop main open stack
Law reserve
Government document
Turfloop management open stack
 Call number – a group of
numbers put together to tell you
where on the library shelves to
find your book ( address of the
book on the shelves). Call number
comprises of numbers and
alphabets.
 E.g. 822.1 SHA
 822.1 stands for class number
 SHA stands for the first three
letters of the author’s surname
Search results cont.
In some cases the call numbers will
start with the following prefix:
Status
• The status indicates the availability
of the resources searches.
 A- Africana e.g. A 828.903 ACH
 AV-Audio Visual e.g. AV
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342.066068 MAI
G- Government documents e.g.
G 553.7 INT
R- Reference e.g. R 610.3 DOR
T-Thesis e.g. T 344.0523 CHA
• It can either be the following•
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Due date
Available
Bindery
On order
Ask for assistance
Withdrawn
Missing
Other functions on the catalogue
Added functions for library
users
Electronic databases
 It is a computer-based collection or listing of information, usually organized
with searchable elements or fields. The most common type of library
database consists of records describing articles in journals or
newspapers.
 A database could be as simple as an alphabetical arrangement of names in
an address book or as complex as a database that provides information in a
combination of formats.
 Some databases are available to users freely without a subscription, e.g.
JSTOR, SAFLII etc.
Types of databases
 Bibliographic databases: Offer citations of articles in magazines, journals,
and newspapers. Some may also contain Abstracts, e.g. ISAP on Sabinet,
Science Citation Index etc.
 Full text Databases: contain full text of articles in different formats such as
PDF or HTML format, e.g. Sciencedirect, SA e-publications etc.
 Numeric databases: Provide numeric data such as statistics, survey results,
census information, e.g. Stats SA.
NB. The library subscribes to a number of online databases which can be
accessed through internet using Username & Password.
Click here for list of databases
Electronic databases can be accessed in
two ways
URL Access example:
University Website example:
 Click on ‘internet explorer’
 Type in this address
 Click on ‘internet explorer’
 Type in this address
http://www.ul.ac.za in the address bar
 Press enter
 Click on library
 Click on e-resources and click on
databases to select the database of
http://search.ebscohost.com in
the address bar
 Press enter
 The screen on the next slide will
appear.
your choice. E.g.
http://search.ebscohost.com
 The screen on the next slide will
appear.
Search all databases
simultaneously
Select and Search from
sub databases
Ebscohost Web
 Click on Ebscohost web to be able to view and select your
choice of sub databases.
•
•
•
The above screen shows the sub databases.
You select the preferred sub database/s as shown above.
Click “continue” button and the search screen on the next slide will appear .
Search tips
 Identify keywords in a topic.
 Limit the search by language, publication date or place
 Use Boolean logic operators: AND, OR, NOT
 Always use related words and synonyms
 Click here for search tips
Enter search terms
Search results
Refine or limiting your results
You can refine or limit your results by using the following options:
 Full text
 Date
 Scholarly peer reviewed journal
 Relevance
 Select one option depending on your needs
Search results
 Click on the magnifying icon or the title to read the abstract
 Click on pdf to open the full text document
Print, email and save the document
Copyright
Copyright is a law that gives ownership over the works one has created.
The ownership that copyright law grants comes with the following exclusive
rights for the owner :
• The right to reproduce the work
• to prepare derivative works
• to distribute copies
• to perform the work
•
and to display the work publicly
Works protected by copyright
Copyright protects the form of expression of a creator against
copying which include the following:
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Literary Works
Musical Works
Artistic Works
Cinematograph Films
Broadcasts
Programme-carrying signals
Sound Recordings
Published editions
Computer Programs
Works not protected by copyright
Some works, including the following, are not eligible for copyright
protection:
 Short phrases
 Single words
 Works not in a tangible format (for example, ideas)
 Names and titles
 Slogans
 Commonly-known facts that are not the subject of original authorship
Students are prohibited to:
 Make multiple copies for commercial purposes
 Scan, adapt, translate or convert information into different
formats without permission
 Place copyright-protected works onto any web-page without
prior permission
 Photocopy more than 10% of a book or journal
 Reproduce sheet music, videos, tapes, CDs, DVDs, films, sound
recordings, etc. without prior permission.
What is Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the act of using another person's writing, conversation, song, or
even idea and passing it off as your own without crediting the original owner.
• This includes information from web pages, books, songs, television shows,
email messages, interviews, articles, artworks or any other medium.
Types of Plagiarism
 Verbatim Copying: Material is copied word for word with no
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acknowledgement of the sources of the text
Straight Plagiarism: Changes capitalization or sentence structure. A
word may be added or deleted
Patch Writing: Copying a few sentences from different sources
Collusion: Using another student’s work with their permission
Purloining: Taking work from another student without their
permission
Ghost Writing: Work is written by someone else and presented as
the student’s own.
Continuation
Types of Plagiarism
 Ghost Writing: Work is written by someone else and presented as the
student’s own.
 Recycling: Presenting your own work to be assessed more than once
 Make-up referencing: False details about the source or the Author
 For more information about Plagiarism click here
http://www.plagiarism.org.
Turnitin Anti-plagiarism Software
 Is a web-based plagiarism detection software owned by Turnitin.com.
 Turnitin is a anti-plagiarism software which is used to identify matches in
uploaded documents against other sources.
 Turnitin has a large database consisting of millions of web pages, books,
journals, papers and previously submitted documents.
 It is used by Universities to help identify potential plagiarism in studentsubmitted work.
 Turnitin can be used to teach students how to properly acknowledge
quotations
How does Turnitin work
Students can:
• Submit assignment or research paper to turnitin as a draft
• See original report
• Correct plagiarism errors and submit assignment or research report
Click here to access Turnitin
REFERENCING TECHNIQUES
Referencing is precisely describing, listing and referring to the
sources at the appropriate places in the text. A reference list is
placed at the end of an assignment. It includes all the references
that you have cited in the text of your assignment. It is arranged
alphabetically by author. If referencing in not done correctly, it
may give the impression that you are trying to pass off the work
of another as your own and you may be accused of committing
plagiarism which is a serious offence. The format of a reference
list depends on the type of reference used. Always use the
correct format for each reference used.
The purposes of acknowledging sources are:
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To allow other people (researchers, lecturers, colleagues) reading your
work to be able to access the original source and make a follow – up
reading
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To serve as evidence on which your statements, arguments, assertions,
ideas, conclusions, and information are based.
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To avoid plagiarism
It is therefore important to acknowledge sources correctly and accurately.
Types of Referencing Styles
The UL prefers the Harvard and Vancouver referencing styles
For Harvard referencing style click here
For Vancouver referencing style click here
NB: Check with your lecturer which referencing style you
should use.
IN-TEXT REFERENCING/CITING
When you cite (identify) references in the text of your report or essay using
the Harvard Style, you should include the following pieces of information.
• Surname(s) of the author or authors
• Year of publication
• Pages numbers if appropriate
The sentence starts with the surname of the author followed by the date and
page reference in round brackets. Example of how to cite