Promoting a Wastewater
Management Revolution
in Asia-Pacific
Summary for Group Discussion
Dr. Anand Chiplunkar
Principal Water Supply and Sanitation Specialist
Asian Development Bank
Wastewater management revolution
Knowledge drive: compilation of successful and
sustainable environmental sanitation case studies –
institutions and sustainable frameworks
Technology drive: specific technology datasheets
for different treated output standards required for
various end-uses
Financing and incentives drive: business
briefs and pre-feasibility studies with financing
mechanisms to fast-track wastewater investment
projects, and encourage extraction of resources from
wastewater
Awareness and advocacy drive: knowledge
products, capacity development workshops ,
networking with stakeholders in round tables
for taking up identified business opportunities
Knowledge Drive
• Compile sustainable models/case studies
• Choices in the sanitation ladder
Technology Drive
• Many technology choices
Toilets
Sulabh pour-flush toilets with twin pits;
attached to biogas digesters in
unsewered areas (India)
Eco-san toilets – produce safe fertilizer:
Philippines; PRC
Decentralized
wastewater
treatment
technologies
(DEWATS)
for urban poor communities: Indonesia
public markets: Philippines
peri-urban areas: Viet Nam
Constructed
wetlands
Ningbo and Nanjing (China)
Bayawan City (Philippines)
Conventional
Da Nang (Viet Nam)
Sihanoukville (Cambodia)
Conventional:
Sihanoukville
DEWATS:
Viet Nam
Constructed
Wetlands: China
Financing Drive…1
Develop Business briefs and Pre-feasibility studies
Models of Affordable and innovative financing
Gram Vikas (India): Socialized community fund raising for
toilets and bathing facilities
Kerala (India), Sri Lanka and Viet Nam: Revolving funds for
toilets and biogas plants
Philippines: Environmental User Fee; microfinancing
Public – Private Partnerships
Philippines and India: private concessionaires responsible for
investments, operation and management
Other mechanisms
Nepal: Output-based aid
Shanghai (PRC) and Fiji: Clean development mechanism
Financing Drive…2
Project Development Fund (PDF)
• Can be recovered with returns in
successful projects
Viability Gap Fund (VGF)
• Enhancing viability to make it
financially attractive
• Usually upfront grant
Operational/Transition Support Fund
• Support cash flow based on
business plan and reforms
• Grants or Debt to project in O&M
Other measures
• Credit Enhancement
• Risk Guarantee Mechanisms
In ADB:
Loan – single or multitranche facility
Grant
Non-sovereign public
sector facility
Local currency loan
Debt management
products
Private Sector – equity
investments, loans,
guarantees, and B loan
(complementary
financing scheme)
Incentive Drive: Revenue Potential…1
PROMOTE REUSE
OF TREATED
WASTE
Different uses:
Source of water for irrigation: VietNam,
China
Source of water for industrial use: India
Biosolids/Organic fertilizers: Philippines
Feeds for aquaculture: Bangladesh, India
Fertilizer:
Philippines
Source of energy
Biogas for electricity, lighting and cooking:
India, China, Cambodia, Indonesia, Nepal
Potential for carbon credits
CDM: Kinoya Wastewater
Treatment Project in Fiji
Biogas:
Cambodia
Incentive Drive: Revenue Potential…2
POTENTIAL REVENUES
India: Reuse of treated wastewater for industrial use,
in Surat, Gujarat State through PPP is augmenting
water supply, set to earn US$6 million per year
Xiamen, PR China: The Shiweitou Sewage Treatment
Plant supplies 24,000 cu.m/day of treated
wastewater for watering plants in more than 500 ha.,
earning RMB 2 million per year
Treated wastewater:
China
Bali, Indonesia: Reuse of treated wastewater from
the “Eco-Lagoon,” which is also a tourist attraction
Bangladesh: duckweed-based wastewater treatment
pond - net profit of almost US$ 2000/ha/y from
operation and using duckweed as feeds in aquaculture
farms.
Eco-lagoon, Nusa Dua
Awareness and Advocacy Drive…1
INCREASE
AWARENESS AND
INVOLVE THE
STAKEHOLDERS
Hygiene and environmental
education in schools
India: Total Sanitation Campaign
Philippines: Fit-for-School Program
Triggering demand: community-led
total sanitation
Bangladesh, Cambodia
Stakeholder participation:
SANIMAS in Indonesia
Social marketing of sanitation
India
Stimulate demand and
willingness to pay
Awareness and Advocacy Drive…2
Partnership with the private sector
Need bankable projects and cost
recovery mechanism
Business briefs and pre-feasibility
studies with willing partners
Conduct Round Tables
Govt/municipal administration, private
sector, consumers, financiers etc.
Address affordability issues:
lower interest rates, longer
repayment period
This is a key
component of the
Asia Sanitation
Revolution
• Go beyond
advocacy
• Develop
sustainable
business
opportunities
• Have stakeholder
buy-in
Wastewater management revolution
Knowledge drive: compilation of successful and
sustainable environmental sanitation case studies –
institutions and sustainable frameworks
Technology drive: specific technology datasheets
for different treated output standards required for
various end-uses
Financing and incentives drive: business
briefs and pre-feasibility studies with financing
mechanisms to fast-track wastewater investment
projects, and encourage extraction of resources from
wastewater
Awareness and advocacy drive: knowledge
products, capacity development workshops ,
networking with stakeholders in round tables
for taking up identified business opportunities
THANK YOU.
For More Information:
achiplunkar@adb.org
Web site: www.adb.org/water