The Molecules Around Me
by Johnny Simmons
Mountain Berry Blast Powerade
• Category: Food/nutritional supplements (A)
• Powerade is a sports drink that can help you hydrate during intense
activities, such as sports. Mountain Berry Blast is a flavor of Powerade.
• 5 ingredients in Mountain Berry Blast Powerade:
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Citric acid
Magnesium chloride
Calcium chloride
Mono-potassium phosphate
Sucrose acetate isobutyrate
Citric Acid
C6H8O7
• Citric Acid is an organic compound because it occurs naturally in citric fruits.
• Citric acid has a sour flavor and is commonly used as a food preservative. It
also can act as a water softener because it breaks down trace amounts of
metal. Many household cleaners contain some citric acid to help treat hard
water stains. Citric acid is in Powerade because of both its flavor and
preservative properties.
Magnesium Chloride
MgCl2
• Magnesium chloride is an organic compound because it occurs naturally in
the body.
• Magnesium chloride is very useful when used to treat humans with
magnesium deficiency. It is one of the best forms of magnesium to use for
those who need magnesium because it is highly soluble. Magnesium is
highly essential to bodily functions and is used in over 300 biochemical
reactions, so magnesium chloride is necessary to deliver this highly
important mineral efficiently. Magnesium chloride is in Powerade to provide
magnesium to the body of those who consume Powerade.
Calcium Chloride
CaCl2
• Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound because it is
taken from limestone and then processed to synthetically
form a new chemical.
• Calcium chloride is a salt with many different useful
properties. Calcium chloride can be described as “thirsty”
because it draws moisture from the air. It is used to control
snow and ice on sidewalks and roads. It can also be used to
suppress dust on unpaved surfaces. There also have been
innovative new uses of it in oilfield operations, agriculture,
water treatment, and in other ways. Calcium chloride is an
electrolyte, which is why it is in Powerade.
Mono-Potassium Phosphate
H2KO4P
• Mono-potassium phosphate is an inorganic compound because it is
manufactured.
• Mono-potassium phosphate is used as a medicine to treat or prevent
deficiencies and to increase the effectiveness of an antibiotic called
methenamine. It will also reduce the amount of calcium in your urine. Monopotassium phosphate is also in Powerade because it is an electrolyte.
Powerade contains electrolytes in order to maintain the best concentration of
electrolytes in the consumer’s body.
Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate
C40H62O19
• Sucrose acetate isobutyrate is an inorganic compound
because it is synthetically manufactured.
• Sucrose acetate isobutyrate is used as an additive in
many beverages. It is used in beverages that are both
carbonated and noncarbonated, but it is not used in
alcoholic drinks. It is in Powerade because it adds a
heavier consistency to substances and prevents the
separation of ingredients. It also stabilizes flavor,
although it does not have a flavor by itself.
Mucinex DM
• Category: Healthcare/medicinal products (B)
• Mucinex DM is an expectorant drug used to assist the bringing up of phlegm
from the airways. Mucinex DM provides relief for the wet or dry cough, and
it also loosens and thins mucus.
• 5 ingredients in Mucinex DM :
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Dextromethorphan (active ingredient)
Guaifenesin (active ingredient)
Magnesium stearate
Microcrystalline cellulose
Sodium starch glycolate
Dextromethorphan (active ingredient)
C18H25NO
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Dextromethorphan is an inorganic compound because it is described as a synthetic
substance on a website used during research, written by the University of
Maryland.
Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant affecting signals in the brain which
trigger the cough reflex. Dextromethorphan is the most commonly used drug to
treat a cough, usually from the common cold. Side effects are uncommon with this
drug, but when used in doses higher than recommended, blurred vision, confusion,
difficulty in urination, drowsiness, nausea or severe vomiting, shakiness, slowed
breathing, and unusual irritability may occur. It is very important not to abuse this
drug. It is in Mucinex DM because it is the best chemical known to suppress coughs.
Guaifenesin (active ingredient)
C10H14O4
• Guaifenesin itself is an inorganic compound, but similar medicines, derived
from the guaiac tree were used historically by American indigenous people.
• Guaifenesin is the main active ingredient in Mucinex DM. It is an
expectorant, which means it helps bring up phlegm. It also helps loosen
congestion in your chest and throat, which makes it easier to cough out of
your mouth. It is in Mucinex DM because it is the best chemical known to rid
the throat of phlegm, as well as loosen congestion.
Magnesium Stearate
Mg(C18H35O2)2
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Magnesium stearate is an organic compound because it can be derived from both
plant and animal sources.
Magnesium stearate, also known as octadecanoic acid, is often used in
pharmaceutical drugs to dilute the substance. It is also useful in helping prevent
ingredients in these drugs from sticking to the equipment in the manufacturing
process. These reasons are why it is in Mucinex DM. It is generally regarded as safe
by the FDA, but there is some controversy because it has been discovered that the
cottonseed oil, which is hydrogenated and added to stearic acid to form
magnesium stearate, contains very high content of pesticide residues.
Microcrystalline Cellulose
C6H10O5
• Microcrystalline cellulose is an inorganic compound because it has to be
refined.
• Microcrystalline cellulose is refined wood pulp. It basically does nothing in
the body and has no effect when ingested. In large quantities, however, it
provides dietary bulk and could possibly lead to a laxative effect. It can be
used in drugs, such as Mucinex DM, to dilute, or thin/weaken a liquid so it
can be compacted into a hard tablet with less force.
Sodium Starch Glycolate
C24H44O6Na
• Sodium starch glycolate is an inorganic compound because it is
manufactured by the carboxmethylation of starch.
• Sodium starch glycolate is an excipient, which means it is an inactive
ingredient in Mucinex DM, and its only purpose is to serve as a medium for
the drug. Sodium starch glycolate absorbs water rapidly, which leads to
swelling which helps with rapid disintegration of tablets. It helps the tablets
in Mucinex DM dissolve properly and increases the effectiveness by
moderating the amounts of each ingredient absorbed.
Windex
• Category: Personal Hygiene and Cleaning Products (C)
• Windex is a glass/hard surface cleaning solution. Windex cleans and leaves a
streak-free shine on the surface.
• 5 ingredients in Windex:
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Isopropyl Alcohol
2-hexoxyethanol
Ammonium hydroxide
Propylene glycol
Sodium c14-17 sec-alkyl sulfonate
Isopropyl Alcohol
C3H8O or C3H7OH
• Isopropyl alcohol is inorganic because it is made by scientists when
they combine water and propene in a hydrogen reaction.
• Isopropyl alcohol, also known as rubbing alcohol, is a colorless,
flammable chemical used for many different cleaning purposes. It
evaporates almost immediately, which makes it ideal for cleaning
things like electronic components, because there is little risk of liquid
damage. It is actually used as a carrier in Windex, which means it
enables the other chemicals to be mixed into it and they are carried in
it. It aids in the delivery of the cleaning agents.
2-Hexoxyethanol
C8H18O2
• 2-Hexoxyethanol is an inorganic compound.
• 2-Hexoxyethanol is a cleaning agent which surrounds dirt particles in
order to make it easier for them to be rinsed away. It is in Windex so
that it, combined with some other cleaning agents, can be efficient in
cleaning surfaces.
Ammonium Hydroxide
NH4OH
• Ammonium hydroxide is an organic compound because it can be
found in air, dirt and water.
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Ammonium hydroxide, sometimes referred to as just ammonia, is
actually a solution of ammonia in water. It is used as a cleaning agent
which breaks down dirt and deposits. It can also be used to adjust pH
levels and stabilize a compound. It is used to make Windex more
acidic, so that it will clean more effienctly. It also has other small
properties that make it really effective in Windex.
Propylene Glycol
C3H8O2
• Propylene glycol is an organic compound because it contains carbon,
which is found in living organisms.
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Propylene glycol is a syrupy liquid used as a carrier in Windex. It is an
effective humectant, which means it can retain moisture well. It is a
solvent and has anti-fungal and anti-microbial properties, which
makes it ideal as a carrier, and it works as a preservative at the same
time.
Sodium c14-17 Sec-Alkyl Sulfonate
C14H29NaO3S
• Sodium c14-17 sec-alkyl sulfonate
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Sodium c14-17 sec-alkyl sulfonate is used in Windex as a wetting
agent which helps Windex spread across a surface. This makes
cleaning more efficient because the chemical is spread more thin, and
less of the chemical is used. It also can be used as a foaming agent in
household cleaning and person care products such as shampoo.
Sources Used for Powerade
*Green indicates that an image found at this URL was used in the presentation*
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http://starimporters.com/drinks-beverages/powerade-32ozmountain-berry-blast-15ct-case.html
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• http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.305.html •
• http://foodreference.about.com/od/Food-Additives/a/What-Is- •
Citric-Acid.htm
• http://www.livestrong.com/article/138579-uses-citric-acid/
• http://www.drugs.com/sfx/citric-acid-sodium-citrate-side- •
effects.html
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• http://www.mpbio.com/images/product-images/molecular- •
structure/04800680.png
• http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Magnogene#sec •
http://www.coca-colacompany.com/brands/productdescriptions#powerade
tion=Top
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http://www.ancient-minerals.com/magnesium-chloride/
http://www.drugs.com/sfx/magnesium-chloride-sideeffects.html
http://drsircus.com/medicine/magnesium/magnesiumchloride-benefits
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http://www.oxy.com/OurBusinesses/Chemicals/Products/Page
s/CalciumChloride.aspx
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.23237.html
http://www.drugs.com/sfx/calcium-chloride-side-effects.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_chloride
http://www.myspicesage.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/
image/600x600/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/c/a/calci
um_chloride.jpg
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.22914.html
http://mubychem.com/Monopotassium%20Phosphate.jpg
http://www.livestrong.com/article/464572-what-is-potassiumphosphate-used-for/
http://www.chemspider.com/ChemicalStructure.2016849.html?rid=79984875-5a97-49db-92716d534becdfb4
http://www.livestrong.com/article/467334-what-is-sucroseacetate-isobutyrate/
Sources Used for Mucinex DM
*Green indicates that an image found at this URL was used in the presentation*
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http://www.drugs.com/mtm/mucinex-dm.html
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http://www.mucinex.com/products/cough-chestcongestion/mucinex-dm/
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http://www.drugs.com/sfx/dextromethorphan-sideeffects.html
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http://www.drugs.com/sfx/mucinex-dm-side-effects.html
http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/dxm.asp
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextromethorphan
http://www.drugs.com/guaifenesin.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaifenesin
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http://www.drugs.com/inactive/magnesium-stearate-147.html
http://www.livestrong.com/article/37138-side-effectsmagnesium-stearate-/
http://www.drugs.com/inactive/microcrystalline-cellulose48.html
http://www.mpbio.com/images/productimages/molecular-structure/02191499.png
http://www.drugs.com/inactive/sodium-starch-glycolate128.html
http://www.vasapharmachem.com/product/excipient/sodi
um-starch-glycollate-potato-bp.aspx
• http://www.livestrong.com/article/127791-sodium-starchhttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/-q9BPenHeHA/UmIRLjlWNeI/AAAAAAAAE8s/L08CmGD50W glycolate/
4/s1600/pharmatutor-art-2030-8.png
• https://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/excipients/2012/i
mages/Excsodium_starch_glycolateC001_default.png
http://proactolfans.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/03/magnesium_stearate.png
Sources Used for Windex
*Green indicates that an image found at this URL was used in the presentation*
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopropyl_alcohol
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-isopropyl-alcohol.htm
http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/category-details?table=copytblagents&id=3112
http://www.whatsinsidescjohnson.com/en-us/ingredients/2/2-hexoxyethanol.aspx
http://img.guidechem.com/pic/image/68814-14-2.png
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_hydroxide
http://www.whatsinsidescjohnson.com/en-us/ingredients/a/ammonium-hydroxide.aspx
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylene_glycol
http://www.naturallycurly.com/curlreading/curl-products/curlchemist-the-truth-and-fiction-about-propylene-glycol/
http://www.chemindustry.com/chemicals/1145572.html
http://www.whatsinsidescjohnson.com/en-us/ingredients/S/sodium-c14-17-sec-alkyl-sulfonate.aspx
http://www.saapedia.org/en/saa/?type=detail&id=1082