Organelle Presentation
Red Block Class
October 2012
Nucleus
Structure & Function
• Nuclear envelope- two lipid bilayers
• Nucleoplasm- “cytoplasm” in cell
• Nucleolus- DNA, produces ribosome RNA
•“brain” of the cell
•Controls motion and reproduction
http://www.clccharter.org/aa/projects/newmedicalproject2011/cellstructure.html
Location
•Eukaryote
•Middle of
Cytoplasm
•Not near
edge
because
too
dangerous
•Plant and
Animal cells
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/animals/cell/
Analogy
• Kicking and Screaming- “Flying V”
Ribosome
Susan Roberts and Emily Ryan
Structure
- Composed mostly of RNA
- It is in all types of cells
- Made up of 2 pieces, called sub-units
- It can be either free floating in the cell or
attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function
- Where proteins are made- Ribosomes take
amino acids and assemble them into proteins
- The DNA in cells sends out mRNA which are
translated by the Ribosome into an amino acid
chain
- Ribosomes are a site for protein synthesis
where the amino acids are assembled into
Analogy
- They are similar to
Amazon. People
(DNA) order items
online and their
purchase (protein) is
sent to the
warehouse
(Ribosomes) through
the internet (RNA)
where the item is
Sources
- http://tinyurl.com/8eqacc3
- http://tinyurl.com/97gvy8d
-Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
(RER)
By Kyle Johnston and Idan Waksman
http://epiehonorsbiology.wikispaces.com/file/view/ROUGH_ER!!!!!!.jpg/276281726/ROUGH_ER!!!!!!.jpg
Function and Structure
-RER packages together proteins for inside and
outside of the cell and creates the cell
membrane.
-Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) stores
steroids and ions for the cell
-RER and SER are both made up of membrane,
however RER has ribosomes covering the
outside which put together the proteins.
-RER looks like thin membranes covered in
bumpy ribosomes.
Location
-Only in eukaryotes
-Located right next to the nucleus and surrounds
it
-Not in bacteria because bacteria don't have a
nucleus.
http://www.4to40.com/images/science/Rough_Endoplasmic_Reticulum_Function/Rough_Endoplasmic_Reticulum_Function.jpg
Analogy
The rough endoplasmic reticulum can be
thought of as a factory. Amino acids come in
and then the RER produce the proteins and
then "box them up" and ship them to other
parts of the cell such as the golgi apparatus to
be used by the body.
http://www.bradfitzpatrick.com/store/images/products/bs003-cartoon-factory.jpg
Sources
1.
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.ht
ml
2. http://www.bscb.org/?url=softcell/er
3. Starr, Cecie, and Ralph Taggart. Biology the Unity and
Diversity of Life. California: Brooks/Cole, 2001.
106. Print.
The Golgi Apparatus
Lisa Waddell
What is a Golgi Apparatus?
• A stack of flat,
membrane-bound
vesicles (like empty
sacks) that are
surrounded by numerous
smaller vesicles < Looks
like a stack of deflated
balloons>
• Made up of smooth
cisternae, which are
coated with lipid
membranes
"Animal Cell." Protopage. Animalcell.com, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. <http://www.protopage.com/bwineanimalcell>.
"Golgi Apparatus." Cell Organelles: Golgi Apparatus. Quill Graphics, 1994. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. <http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/golgi.htm>.
Where is a Golgi Apparatus?
• Found in
eukaryotes (plants
and animals) but
not prokaryotes
(bacteria/
archaebacteria)
• Inside a eukaryotic
cell, it is found in
the cytoplasm
Function of a Golgi Apparatus
• Its function is to direct traffic
of macromolecules
throughout the cells
• It is like the post office of the
cell.
– The street that the post office is
on is the cytoplasm
– The packages are the
hormones and enzymes that
are being transferred
– The postmen are the Golgi
Body itself
Chloroplasts
By Carter Lofblad and Scott
Higgins
Structure and Function
Chlorosplasts are the food producers in plant cells as
well as protista
They perform photosynthesis in the cytoplasm, taking
Place in the Thylakoid and stored in the rest of the
chloroplast
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_chloroplast.html
Location, Location, Location
• Chloroplasts are found in the cytoplasm of
photosynthetic eukaryotes
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/cell/
Analogy
• The entire plant cell is like a house
• The chloroplast is like the solar panels on the
roof because it produces energy
http://www.solarpowerhomesblog.net/
Mitochondria
Meredith Cheek and Hannah Gilman
Definition: an organelle in the
cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells in
which cellular respiration
produces energy.
A mitochondria is like the power plant
of a eukaryotic cell.
Starr/Tagart textbook
Structure and Function
• Has its own DNA
• ribosomes
• Make own proteins
• reproduce
• Inner membrane creates folds call
cristae
• Provides additional surface
area
• Matrix is space inside where
cellular respiration occurs
glucose
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/mitochondria/mitoc
hondria.html
ATP
Location
•
•
•
•
Found in eukaryotic cells (animal &plants)
Located in cytoplasm
Few in simple cells: yeast
Many in complex cells: muscles
http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/emf
Organelle:
LYSOSOME
Reynaldo Duran
FUNCTION
- Organelle of intracellular digestion
- Contains a potent brew of about 40 enzymes
that help break down proteins, carbohydrates,
nucleic acids, and lipids
- Sometimes digest whole cells or cell parts
- ex: Lysosomes destroy tail cells in growing
tadpoles
-> Recycle the cell’s useless organic material
in a process known as autophagy
Sources: “Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life” and micro.magnet.fsu.edu - Cell Biology: Lysosomes
STRUCTURE
• Made up of a brew of enzymes
Image from micro.magnet.fsu.edu - Cell Biology: Lysosomes
LOCATION
- Found only in eukaryotes
- Moves through the cytoplasm
- Found in plant and animal cells
ANALOGY
- Stomach
- Location of digestion
- Contains enzymes
- Breaks down nutrients
- Acid -> deteriorate
- Found in animals
Source: “Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life”
Images from http://epiehonorsbiology.wikispaces.com/Lysosome
and http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/pictures/humanbody/stomach.html
Vacuoles
Chris Yee
•Stores Nutrients and Vital materials
•Regulates waste products within the cell
Plant Cell
•Helps maintain Homeostasis
Animal Cell
Large and Important part of Plant Cells
Fills with water to support the cell wall and structure of plant
Sources
1. www.biology-online.org/dictionary/vacuole
2. www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/cellstructure.htm
3. library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cytoskeleton
By Rachel Quigley
Function
• Is a muscle and skeleton for movement and
stability
• Establishing cell shape
• Provides mechanical strength
Structure
• Made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and
intermediate fibers
• Long fibers
Location
• Eukaryote
• Fills the cytoplasm
• Animal and plant cells
Analogy
• The cytoskeleton is a “track” for which cells
can move organelles, chromosomes, etc.
Cell Walls!!
By: Cosimo Ferrante
http://www.zastavki.com/eng/Nature/Plants/wallpaper-19089-18.htm
Structure
• Made of specialized sugars- Cellulose
• Cellulose is considered a complex sugar as it is
used for protection and support.
• Has a middle lamella, a primary wall and three
layers of secondary walls.
• The cell wall contains small holes in it that
allow nutrients, waste and ions through
• These holes are called plasmodesmata
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/c
Location
• The cell wall is located around the outside of
the cell membrane
• Cellulose cell walls are only found in plant
cells
• Cell walls are found ineukaryotic and
prokaryotic organisms
Helpful Analogy
• A cell wall is like a brick building that is strong
and supportive. Like the doors and windows of
a brick building cell walls have plasmodesmata
to allow matter in and out.
Cell Membrane
Sandy Gautier
Maddie Picher
Function
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
When you think about a membrane, imagine it is like a big plastic bag with
some tiny holes.
This holds all of the cell pieces and fluids inside the cell and keeps any
harmful things outside of the cell
Support
Protection
Controls movement of materials in/out of cell
Barrier between cell and its environment
Maintains homeostasis
Structure
• Compounds called proteins and phospholipids
make up most of the cell membrane.
• The phospholipids make the basic bag. The proteins are found
around the holes and help move molecules in and out of the
cell.
• There is a bilayer of proteins.
• Compare:
– Gate/Guards/Prison
http://wikis.engrade.com/cellp
artsandfunctions1
Location
• Cell Membranes are found in both Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes
– Plants  inside cell wall
– Animal  outer layer
– Bacteria  outer layer
http://jpsy2011.blogspot.com/2011/02/anim
al-cells-and-plant-cells.html