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DO NOW: REVIEW FROM YESTERDAY:
You need your reference table…
Name the element
Period 7, group 1
Period 4, Halogen family
2 energy shells, Alkaline Earth Metal
Noble gas, period 2
3 valance electrons, period 3
6 valance electrons, 3 energy shells
1 energy shell, 2 valance electrons
Row 4, Carbon Family
What is the periodic table?
• compact way of organizing elements
• contains a lot of information
• allows us to make predictions about
behaviour and properties of elements
• Elements
Periodic Law
• There is a periodic repetition of chemical
and physical properties of elements when
arranged by increasing atomic number
Classifying the Elements
• 75% of elements are metals
• Remaining elements: non-metals &
metalloids (semi-metals)
• Staircase:
– dividing line between metals & nonmetals
– elements to left are metals
– elements to right are non-metals
Properties of Metals
•
•
•
•
•
•
Malleable – flattened into sheets
Ductile – drawn into wires & tubes
have Luster
Good Conductors of heat & electricity
Solid at room temperature (except Hg)
Metals lose electrons & form positive ions
“Metals are losers”
So…metals don’t want
electrons, they want to get rid of
them
2-8-1
2-8
LIQUID
SOLIDS
METALS
MOST REACTIVE
METAL (MOST
METALLIC) =
BEST LOSER
Hg
Properties of Nonmetals
•
•
•
•
•
generally gases or solids (except Br2)
solids are Brittle
solids are Dull
poor conductors of heat & electricity
Nonmetals gain electrons & form negative ions
“Nonmetals are winners”
So…nonmetals love electrons,
they want to take electrons
2-6
2-8
LIQUID
NONMETALS
SOLIDS
METALS
MOST REACTIVE
METAL (MOST
METALLIC) =
BEST LOSER
MOST
REACTIVE
NONMETAL
Br
Hg
Non-reactive
– they have
all 8
valance electrons
Most elements are solid at room
temperature
• Liquids (only 2 at room temp.)
– Br2 (non-metal) and Hg (metal)
• GASES
– Elements that are gases at STP are…
Diatomics: They don’t like to be alone so
they always pair up!
• H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2
– Monatomics: noble gases
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
LIQUID
H
GASSES
NONMETALS
SOLIDS
N
METALS
MOST REACTIVE
METAL (MOST
METALLIC) =
BEST LOSER
MOST
REACTIVE
NONMETAL
Hg
O
He
F
Ne
Cl
Ar
Br
Kr
Xe
Rn
Non-reactive
– they have
all 8
valance electrons
Properties of Metalloids
Each metalloid has some metallic
and some nonmetallic properties
– Example:Si
• shiny like metal but brittle like
nonmetal