UNIT 3: Animals:
Structure and Function
WELCOME!!
West Humber C.I.
LOGO
SBI3U1
Mr. Patel
2013-2014
Major Themes in Gr.11 Biology
 Grade 11 Biology covers a variety of different
topics:
 Diversity of Living Things (Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes)
 Genetics (Mendelian Inheritance)
 Evolution (Darwin’s Theory)
 Animals: Structure and Function (Digestive, Circulatory,
Respiratory Systems)
 Plants: Anatomy, Growth, and Function (Organs, Tissues,
Cells)
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2013-2014
How to Succeed and Survive!
 To best succeed in this unit, you will need to know
and follow several important rules and you will
need to have a few important items.
 I have several rules I would like you to follow to
make life easier for you, me, and the rest of the
class...most of the rules I have are a simple
matter of politeness, responsibility, and just
common courtesy...
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2013-2014
How to Succeed and Survive!
1. If I am talking, please don’t talk...It will be disturbing
to others as well as me.
2. If you have a question, please ask...I welcome
questions and chances are, somebody else might have
the same question, too!
3. Don’t make fun of people if they ask a question that you
might think is stupid...it might be a valid question for
them.
4. If I give an assignment or deskwork, I expect you to
work on that work...if you waste time in our class, you
will make up for it on your own time.
5. Assignments/labs/projects are to be handed in on the
date due...If you are absent, make sure I get it the first
day you are back. I want you to realize that I will not
chase after you to get missed assignments...It is YOUR
responsibility!
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
How to Succeed and Survive!
Attendance & Promptness:
 I have a very high expectation when it comes to
being in class on time...When you get in to class,
you should open your books and be ready to start.
 If you miss a class, talk to another student or to
me to find out what you have missed...you are still
responsible for the work and it should be done on
time.
 If you know you are going to be absent for a test,
please make arrangements with me, before you
are gone, to re-schedule a time to write it.
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
How to Succeed and Survive!
General Stuff:
 I really believe that Biology does rule… We will be
doing notes, labs, assignments, tests, and
projects, watching videos, and also having some
fun.
 You can find me in either of the Science Office or
in our class or staff room.
 If you need to see me, please make prior
arrangements in class.
 I am here to help you...So, if you need me to stay
after school or during lunch to review for test or
quiz, I’m more than willing to hold review
sessions!!!
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2013-2014
Units/Strands:
Introduction
Chapter 10: Digestive System
Chapter 11: Circulatory System
Chapter 12: Respiratory System
Rat Dissection + Project + Unit Test
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2013-2014
Evaluation Part 1:
Your UNIT mark will be based on:
Term Mark
70%
25%
Knowledge/
Understanding
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25%
10%
10%
Thinking/
Inquiry
Communication
Application
2013-2014
Evaluation Part 1:
Cardiovascular Fitness In-Lab +
Report
15% [5% In-lab + 15% Lab Report]
Weekly Chapter Quizzes
30%
Home Work + In-class Activity
5%
Rat Dissection In-Lab + Lab Report
15% [5% In-lab + 15% Lab Report]
On-going Class Participation
5%
Unit Test
30%
TOTAL
100%
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Chapter 10:
Digestive System
UNIT D: Animals – Structure and Function
West Humber C.I.
LOGO
Course:
SBI3U1
TC: Mr. Patel
2013-2014
Agenda
Video
Activity
10.1
Nutrition
and
Digestion
West Humber C.I.
H.W
2013-2014
Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nrjnebyzm2U
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Question
Why do we need to eat
food?
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2013-2014
Answer
 By eating, you’re providing your cells with the chemicals
they need to live and grow!
 Food provides energy for all the work done by your cells
and supplies over 40 substances that your body needs
but cannot produce itself.
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Agenda
Video
Activity
10.1
Nutrition
and
Digestion
West Humber C.I.
H.W
2013-2014
Major Themes
10.1
Nutrition and
Digestion
1. It All
Starts with a
Healthy Diet
Processing
Molecules
2. Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Fibre from
Plant Foods
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins and
Minerals
Water
West Humber C.I.
3. Food as
Fuel
Calories
4. Read
Before You
Eat
Foods that May
Fight Disease
Probiotics
5. Canada’s
Food Guide
2013-2014
Major Themes
10.1
Nutrition and
Digestion
It All Starts
with a
Healthy Diet
Processing
Molecules
Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Fibre from
Plant Foods
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins and
Minerals
Water
West Humber C.I.
Food as Fuel
Calories
Read Before
You Eat
Foods that May
Fight Disease
Probiotics
Canada’s Food
Guide
2013-2014
Healthy Diet
 Nutrients are the chemicals in the food you eat that
help your body perform all its functions.
 There are six types of nutrients in food:
 Carbohydrates
 Proteins
 Fats
 Vitamins
 Minerals
 Water
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Healthy Diet
 Macronutrients (needs so much of them):
 Carbohydrates
 Proteins
 Fats
 Water
 Micronutrients (need less of it daily):
 Vitamins
 Minerals
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Processing Molecules
 Food you eat are usually large molecules, which are too
big to pass through your cell membranes into your cells.
 Your digestive system must disassemble the food you
eat into smaller molecules.
 Then, these molecules are used as a source of energy to
help build and maintain cell structure and function.
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Major Themes
10.1
Nutrition and
Digestion
It All Starts
with a Healthy
Diet
Processing
Molecules
Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Fibre from
Plant Foods
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins and
Minerals
Water
West Humber C.I.
Food as Fuel
Calories
Read Before
You Eat
Foods that May
Fight Disease
Probiotics
Canada’s Food
Guide
2013-2014
Nutrients: Carbohydrates
 Carbohydrates:
 Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen atoms
 Major source of energy for your body
 Use just minutes after a meal or store them for later
use
 Simple Carbohydrates (include sugars):
• Fruit, Honey, and milk.
• Glucose: Main fuel supply for the work done by
your cells.
– Cells break down glucose molecules and
extract their stored energy
 Complex Carbohydrates:
• Starches, such as from whole-grain cereals and
bread, rice, and potatoes
• Broken down by digestive system into simple
sugars
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Nutrients
 Carbohydrates:
 Complex Carbohydrates:
• Simple sugars are absorbed into the blood and
carried to cells
• Excess blood sugar is converted into glycogen in
the liver and in muscle and fat cells to be used
later.
 Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate that is often
called fibre.
• Help your muscles to move food and waste
through your digestive system.
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Nutrients: Proteins
 Proteins:
 Protein is a complex molecule that is constructed
from 20 kinds of smaller molecules called amino
acids.
 Proteins contribute to almost all your day-to-day
functions
 For example:
• Form hair and muscles
• Circulate in the blood and defend the body from
harmful micro-organisms
• Convey messages from one cell to another
 “8” Essential amino acids:
• Your cells cannot make from other molecules
• If you lack even one essential amino acid, your
body cannot make protein properly
• Meat, Milk, Eggs, Cheese provide all 8 essential
amino acids
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Nutrients: Proteins
 Proteins:
 “8” Essential amino acids:
• If you’re vegetarian (combinations):
– corn and beans, rice and lentils, and hummus
with pita bread.
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Nutrients: Fats
 Fats:
 Also called lipids, are molecules formed from fatty
acids and glycerol.
 They store energy in your body.
 Fatty tissues cushion your organs and provide your
body with insulation.
 Saturated fats:
• Have only single bonds between carbon atoms
• Carbon atoms has the maximum number of
hydrogen atoms
• Example: Lard and butter
• Promote the build-up of fat deposits within the
walls of blood vessels, reducing blood flow causing
heart disease.
• Should be only small % of daily intake of fats
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Nutrients: Fats
 Fats:
 Unsaturated fats:
• Have one double bond in a fatty acid chain
• Fats in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and fish
• Usually liquids at room temperature
 Trans fats:
• Some unsaturated fats have been partially
hydrogenated, which means they have been
processed to accept more hydrogen atoms.
• Are solid at room temperature, and have a longer
shelf life than other unsaturated fats.
• For example, margarine. Trans fats are used in
frying fast foods.
• AVOID Trans fats  Contribute to heart disease
and other health problems.
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Nutrients: Vitamins and Minerals
 Vitamins:
 Are organic nutrients that you need in small amounts
to regulate your body processes and perform
chemical reactions.
 Water-soluble vitamins:
• Vitamin C and B (cannot be stored in your body,
so should be included in your diet everyday)
 Fat-soluble vitamins:
• Vitamin A, D, E, and K can be stored in the fatty
tissue of your body for future use.
 Minerals:
 Are inorganic nutrients and do not contain carbon.
 Example: Calcium, iron, phosphorus, copper, sodium,
and zinc.
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Nutrients: Vitamins and Minerals
 Minerals:
 You use calcium to make bones and teeth.
 Consume food rich in minerals each day to replace
the minerals you lose in sweat, urine, and digestive
wastes.
Vitamins and minerals are found naturally in many
foods:
 meat, eggs
 dairy products
 whole-grain products
 Tofu
 green leafy vegetables and
 some fruits.
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Nutrients: Water
 Water:
 Every one of your cells needs water to complete its
processes
 Water makes up the bulk of blood
 Suggested: Drinking at least 1 L of water each day
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Major Themes
10.1
Nutrition and
Digestion
It All Starts
with a Healthy
Diet
Processing
Molecules
Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Fibre from
Plant Foods
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins and
Minerals
Water
West Humber C.I.
Food as Fuel
Calories
Read Before
You Eat
Foods that May
Fight Disease
Probiotics
Canada’s Food
Guide
2013-2014
Food As Fuel
 Cells convert about 40% of the energy from food into
energy for performing cell functions.
 60% of energy is converted to thermal energy, which
radiates from your body in the form of heat.
 Calories:
 Is the amount of energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 g of water by 1oC.
 1 dietary calorie = 1000 calories.
 Must consume a minimum number of calories every
day just to sustain life.
• Female teenagers: 2200 calories
• Male teenagers: 2500 calories
 At least 30 mint. exercise helps burn excess calories
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Food As Fuel
 Calories:
West Humber C.I.
Nutrient
% of Total Daily
Calories
Carbohydrates
45-65
Proteins
10-30
Fats
25-35
2013-2014
Major Themes
10.1
Nutrition and
Digestion
It All Starts
with a Healthy
Diet
Processing
Molecules
Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Fibre from
Plant Foods
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins and
Minerals
Water
West Humber C.I.
Food as Fuel
Calories
Read Before
You Eat
Foods that May
Fight Disease
Probiotics
Canada’s Food
Guide
2013-2014
Read Before You Eat
 Reading food labels can help you track if you are
meeting your daily requirement for important
nutrients such as:
 Dietary fibre
 Protein
 Vitamins
 Healthy Fats
 Labels also identify ingredients such as:
 Unhealthy fats
 Sugars
 Sodium
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Read Before You Eat
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Foods that May Fight Disease
 Nutraceutical:
 is a substance that is purified from foods and taken
like a medicine to provide health benefits including
disease prevention.
 Example: An omega-3 fish oil pill taken as a
supplement
 Functional Food:
 is a food that has health benefits, including disease
prevention, that are beyond the normal nutritional
benefit of the food.
 Fruits and vegetables that contain vitamins such as
A, C, E and beta-carotene
 Foods such as garlic, cabbage, carrots, licorice, soy,
and ginger as possible cancer-fighters.
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Probiotics
 Probiotics:
 Which are foods that contain substances that support
health and that may help to strengthen the body’s
natural defence against disease.
 Antibiotics kill bacteria in the body, including some
of helpful intestinal bacteria.
 Probiotic products, such as probiotic yogurt, help to
add beneficial bacteria back into the large intestine.
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Major Themes
10.1
Nutrition and
Digestion
It All Starts
with a Healthy
Diet
Processing
Molecules
Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Fibre from
Plant Foods
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins and
Minerals
Water
West Humber C.I.
Food as Fuel
Calories
Read Before
You Eat
Foods that May
Fight Disease
Probiotics
Canada’s
Food Guide
2013-2014
Canada’s Food Guide
One way to get the information you need to make
healthy choices is to use Canada’s Food Guide to
Healthy Eating: (Refer to Pg. 283)
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Agenda
Video
Activity
10.1
Nutrition
and
Digestion
West Humber C.I.
H.W
2013-2014
Exit Card
ANSWER ANY OF THE FOLLOWING:
 What are 3 things you learned today?
 What are you still unsure about?
 Something I still don’t understand is...
 What was one thing you enjoyed in class today?
West Humber C.I.
2013-2014
Agenda
Video
Activity
10.1
Nutrition
and
Digestion
West Humber C.I.
H.W
2013-2014
Homework
 Question on Pg. 285:
 1, 2, 7, 10, 14, 20, 22 and 23.
 I/we (as a class) will mark only “selective
questions”.
 So, be aware to frame your answers correctly...
 Spend sometime working on it!!!
West Humber C.I.