Structure and Function of Plants Chapter 10A Plant Structure What is a Plant? • Kingdom Plantae • Characteristics: – Producers – Eukaryotic and multicellular – Have organized tissues What is a Plant? • Characteristics: – Have plastids – Have cell walls containing cellulose Botany The study of plants Plant Anatomy • Most plants have three types of organs – Roots – Stems – Leaves – Some plants also have flowers Node A region where a leaf is or was attached Plant Anatomy • Nodes – Roots do not have nodes – Stems have nodes – Leaves do not have nodes but are attached to stems at nodes Roots • Root system • Two types of root systems: – Taproot system – Fibrous root system Stems • Produce leaves and carry substances • Two types of stems: – Woody stems – Herbaceous stems Leaves • Blade • Compound leaf – Leaflet Leaves • Veins – Parallel venation – Palmate venation – Pinnate venation • Petiole Leaves • Arrangements of leaves – Alternate – Opposite – Whorled Internal Structure • Cell walls – Made largely of cellulose – Turgor pressure • Plastids – Chloroplasts • Chlorophyll – Other types Plant Tissues • Xylem – Long and hollow – Carries water – Wood • Heartwood • Sapwood Plant Tissues • Phloem – Carries a sugar solution – Vascular bundles • Fibers – Support the plant – Long, narrow cells Plant Tissues • Epidermis – Outermost tissue – Flat cells – Cuticle Bark • Outside the xylem of a tree • Vascular cambium • Cork • Cork cambium