Union
National Trades Union
(NTU)
Knights of Labor
American Federation of
Labor (AFL)
American Railway Union
(ARU)
Industrial Workers of the
World (Wobblies)
Copy this chart And Complete
Use pages 321-325
Labor Unions
Year Important
People
Characteristics/Significance

Copy this chart. This is homework due tomorrow.
Use pages 453-455
Strikes
Year People Cause Effects Strike
Great
Strike of
1877
Haymarket
Affair
X
Homestead
Strike
Pullman
Company
Strike

Copy this chart. This is homework due tomorrow.
Use pages 453-455
Strikes
Strike
Great
Strike of
1877
Haymarket
Affair
1886
Year People
1877 Pres.
Rutherford
B. Hayes
X
Cause
Baltimore &
Ohio Railroad workers protested their second wage cut in two months
Protest police brutality on strikers; Bomb was thrown into a police line
Effects
The strike spread to other railroad lines, stopping traffic for over a week, impeding interstate commerce; Federal troops ended the strike
Police fired on workers; police officers and workers died; Public began to turn against the labor movement

Copy this chart. This is homework due tomorrow.
Use pages 453-455
Strikes
Strike
Homestead
Strike
Pullman
Company
Strike
Year People
1892 Henry
Clay
Frick
Cause
Wage cuts at Carnegie’s
Steel Company’s
Homestead plant; scabs were brought in and violence irrupted
Effects
Three detective and nine workers killed; Plant was closed until the strike was broken up by the National
Guard
1893 Eugene
V. Debs
Workers were laid off; pay cuts without a decrease in the cost of housing; Pullman refused to negotiate with workers; ARU boycotted Pullman trains
Scabs were hired and violence irrupted; Federal troops sent in; Debs jailed;
Workers fired & blacklisted

 Turn in test corrections
 Take out unions charts
 Take down your 1830s bumper sticker and put it in your portfolio
 Look at the political cartoon on 336 and answer the two questions

Copy this chart. This is homework due tomorrow.
Use pages 451-452.
Labor Unions
Union Year Important
People
National
Labor Union
(NLU)
Colored
National
Labor Union
(CLU)
Knights of
Labor
1866 William H.
Sylvis
1869 Isaac Meyers
Characteristics/Significance
First large-scale nations labor union; some local chapters refused African Americans; 1868 got
Congress to legalize an eight-hour day for government workers
Emphasized cooperation between management and labor; political reform important; Disbanded because Knights of Labor formed
1869 Uriah Stephens Open to all workers, regardless of race, gender or degree of skill; equal pay and 8 hour work day;
Believed strikes should be the last resort & advocated for arbitration

Copy this chart. This is homework due tomorrow.
Use pages 451-452.
Labor Unions
Union Year Important
People
American
Federation of Labor
(AFL)
American
Railway
Union
(ARU)
1886 Samuel
Gompers
Characteristics/Significance
Skilled workers; Focused on collective bargaining;
Used strikes as a major tactic; Won higher wages and shorter workweeks
1894 Eugene V. Debs Specific to the railroad industry and included skilled and unskilled laborers; Won higher wages by using strikes
Industrial
Workers of the World
(Wobblies)
1905 Eugene V. Debs
William “Big
Bill” Haywood
Radical socialist labor union that wanted government control of business and property and equal distribution of wealth; Included miners, lumberers, cannery and dock workers; Included
African Americans

Create this chart & fill it out!
Use pages 437-439.
The Expansion of Industry
Inventor Significance Invention Year
Steam
Engine
Drill
Bessemer
Process
Light bulb
Typewriter
/
Telephone

Invention Year
Steam
Engine Drill
Inventor
1859 Edwin Drake
Significance
Drill for oil; oil used in industry
Bessemer
Process
1850 Henry Bessemer
& William Kelly
Removed the carbon from iron to produce steel, which was more flexible, lighter, and rust-resistant;
Railroad boom, bridges, skyscrapers
Light bulb 1876 Thomas Edison Inexpensive, convenient source of energy used in factories (factories could be located anywhere, not just near water & workers could work all hours, not just in the day
New jobs for women Typewriter/
Telephone
1867/
1876
Christopher
Sholes/
Alexander
Graham Bell

Effects of the
Rapid Growth
Of Railroads
Use pages
442-445

Formation of
Standard time zones
Many different
Regions of America
Were now linked
Iron, steel, coal,
Lumber, and glass
Industries grew because
The railroad needed
Their products
Long distance
Travel now
Possible for
Many Americans
Rapid Growth
Of Railroads
Trade among cities,
Towns, and settlements
Increased. Communities
Grew and prospered
Some people became
Very rich from
Profits made in the
Railroad industry
New towns created
(ex. Pullman factory,
Which created sleeping cars
For trains, had a town
Built around it to
Support its workers

After Test Vocabulary Homework
Due Wed 10/1
6.
7.
4.
5.
8.
9.
1.
2.
3.
10.
11.
12.
Munn v. Illinois
Interstate Commerce Act
Andrew Carnegie
Vertical integration
Horizontal integration
Social Darwinism
John D. Rockefeller
“Robber Barons”
Sherman Antitrust Act
Industrial Workers of the
World
Mary Harris Jones
Ellis Island
22.
23.
24.
19.
20.
21.
16.
17.
18.
13.
14.
15.
Angel Island
Melting pot
Nativism
Chinese Exclusion Act
Urbanization
Americanization movement
Tenements
Mass transit
Settlement houses
Jane Addams
Political machine
Boss Tweed

 Find Your Test
 Begin Corrections you will only have 7 min!
My answer What I was thinking
Correct answer
Why it is correct
Hispanic Heritage Month!

Industrialization Immigration Urbanization


The late 19 th century witnessed the emergence of big and powerful businesses, which monopolized their industry

The leaders of these businesses were called “Robber Barons” due to their unscrupulous business practices

 Rockefeller started
Standard Oil
Company
 Why was oil important?

 Standard Oil Company was the nation’s first trust
 A trust is a business arrangement in which a number of companies unite into one system.
 They want to destroy all competition & create monopolies

 A monopoly is when a business has complete control over an industry’s production, quality, wages paid, and prices charged
 The Sherman Anti-trust Act prevented the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfere with free trade

 Andrew Carnegie founded a steel company in Pittsburgh, PA ( THINK: Pittsburgh
Steelers)

Steel was important to the railroad industry
 He was a millionaire philanthropist who began the public library system
 He used vertical and horizontal integration to build his steel empire

 A business buys out all of its suppliers

EX: McDonalds would buy out the makers of:

Buns (Merita Bread Company)

Ketchup (Heinz)

Meat (Smithfield Meats)

French Fries (Idaho)

 A business buys out all of its competitors

For example, McDonald’s would buy out:

Burger King

KFC

Taco Bell

Sonic

 Social Darwinism was a philosophy of this time period which drew from Darwin’s theory of evolution

Put in terms of society, Social Darwinism states that it is acceptable for businesses to be big and controlling, because society is all about the
“survival of the fittest”
 The weak help the strong survive & thrive

 Many problems were faced by workers in factories:

Long hours

Low pay

No benefits (health insurance, sick leave)

Dangerous working conditions

Child labor




Workers united and formed labor unions, which demanded improved working conditions
Labor unions would strike (work stoppages by union members as a form of protest)
Key labor unions included:


National Labor Union
Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies)



American Railway Union
American Federation of Labor (founded by Samuel Gompers)
Knights of Labor

 5.01
Evaluate the influence of immigration and rapid industrialization on urban life.
 5.03
Assess the impact of labor unions on industry and the lives of workers.
 5.04
Describe the changing role of government in economic and political affairs.

 Immigrants came to America to work in factories
 They often faced culture shock, confusion & anxiety resulting in becoming a part of a new culture that you do not understand
 America became a melting pot, a mixture of different people and cultures who blend together and abandon their native language and culture




Ellis Island, New York (Statue of Liberty) was the inspection station for European immigrants
Angel Island, San Francisco, CA was the inspection station for Asian immigrants
In 1887, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed which banned entry of all Chinese immigrants, except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials

Name Age at travel
Home
Country
Age at
Interview
Location of
Interview
Experiences

Problems Causes- Explain the Problem
Starter
10/6
Solutions (Leave this blank we will go over this)
1. Housing Shortages
2. Transportation
3. Water
4. Sanitation
5. Crime
6. Fire

Problems Causes
1. Housing Shortages So many people came to the cities with few housing options:
1.
House of the outskirts of townbut, how would they get into the city for work?
2.
Tenements that were crowded & unsanitary
2. Transportation A large number of people needed to move within the city
Solutions
NYC passed a law that set standards for plumbing and ventilation
Mass transit developed, such as street cars & electric subways
3. Water Need for safe drinking water as populations grew, because there was inadequate piped water or none at all;
Diseases spread
Built public waterworks to handle more people; Filtration was introduced

Problems Causes
4. Sanitation Horse manure piles; sewage in open gutters; smoke from factories; no trash collection
Solutions
Sewer lines & sanitation departments established
5. Crime Poverty led to crime such as pickpocketing and theft
Established police forces
6. Fire Limited water supply; Wooden dwelling;
Use of candles & kerosene heaters posed fire hazards; Deadly fire in Chicago & after the San Francisco earthquake
Full time fire departments established; Automatic fire sprinklers invented; Replace wood buildings with brick, stone, and concrete


A movement called the Social Gospel preached salvation through service to the poor

Settlement houses were created, as community centers for people in urban areas, especially immigrants

Settlement houses provided educational, cultural, and social services





The time period from 1877-early
1900s is known as the “Gilded Age”
Writer Mark Twain coined this term
Gilded is something covered in a thin layer of gold to make it look nice & shiny
This expression was used to imply that the time period appeared to be prosperous, but that appearance was just covering up the poverty and corruption of society

 A new power structure emerged in the cities to take control, called political machines
 The political machine was an unofficial entity that kept a certain political party in power
 Political machines were headed by a “boss” who may or may not hold a political office himself

William “Boss” Tweed, Tammany Hall
Boss of the NYC Democratic Party

 Political machines provided services to the city, such as police & fire departments.
 In exchange for votes, the political machines would provide jobs and other services for immigrants




Many political machines and government officials became corrupt as their power grew.
Graft (using political influence for personal gain) & “kickbacks” (taking money from government construction projects) were common
Ex. Boss Tweed built a NYC Courthouse which actually cost $3 million, but the taxpayers were charged $13 million

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
7.
8.
5.
6.
3.
4.
1.
2.
Homework:
Due Tuesday
Fredrick Law Olmstead
Orville & Wilbur Wright
George Eastman
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. Du Bois
Ida B. Wells
Poll tax
Grandfather Clause
Segregation
Jim Crow laws
Plessy v. Ferguson
Joseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
Mark Twain
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Starter
10/6
Take out urban
Problem chart!
Rural free delivery
Prohibition
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
17 th Amendment
Susan B. Anthony
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
Square Deal
Conservation
NAACP
Bull Moose Party
Clayton Anti-trust Act
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)






With industrialization came more time for leisure
Men enjoyed saloons as places to drink, socialize, and discuss politics
Women enjoyed cabarets and dance halls
Families attended amusement parks & vaudeville shows
City parks were popular and were designed to provide an outlet to city life

 As the 20 th century began, government officials and citizens called for reforms in business, politics, and society

The Progressive Movement was the time period in which massive industrial, political, and societal reforms took place

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
5.
6.
3.
4.
7.
1.
2.
Write down the name that matches your number and wait for further directions.
Ida Tarbell
Booker T. Washington
William H. Taft muckrakers
Pure Food and Drug Act
19 th Amendment
Henry Ford
WEB Du Bois
17 th Amendment
Meat Inspection Act
NAACP
Robert La Follette
Mark Twain
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Woodrow Wilson
Homer Plessy
Ida B. Wells
Florence Kelley
The Wright Brothers
Theodore Roosevelt
Fredrick Law Olmstead
Progressive Movement
Prohibition
Upton Sinclair
Susan B. Anthony
Jim Crow laws





You will be assigned a person or thing to research and present in front of the class
You will have 12 minutes to read about your person/thing & write up your presentation
Your presentation should be NO MORE than 2/3 minutes
Your presentation must include:




An introduction statement: “I am….”
Some general significant facts about the person/thing
Explanation of the significance of the person/thing to the
Progressive Era & U.S. History
End with the statement: “Who am I?”

 Journalists exposed much of the government and industrial corruption

These journalists were called
“muckrakers”



Plessy v. Ferguson established “separate but equal” doctrine
Segregated facilities are legal as long as they are equal

th

Founded by WEB
DuBois
National Association for the
Advancement of
Colored People

th

“Muckraker” journalist who revealed the abuses of the
Standard Oil
Company

Progressive President

Developed the Kodak camera
Made photography easy and a hobby




Invented the automobile and the assembly line
Model T came only in black
Paid his workers higher wages so they could afford a car

Founder of Tuskegee
Institute to train
African Americans in vocational skills



First African
American to receive a
PhD from Harvard
Believed African
Americans should become professionals


Led the “antisaloon” movement
 Destroyed saloons with her hatchet

Progressive
President

Journalist who led the antilynching campaign

Led reform to improve the condition of working women
& children

First to fly

Progressive President


Square Deal
 Response to corrupt business practices
 Promised workers they would receive “square deal”
 He would enforce progressive reforms

Conservation
 Natural resources not endless
 California’s Yosemite national Park 1903
 50 wildlife sanctuaries
 Keep large tracts of federal land away from the public

Designed Central Park,
New York City

Wrote The Jungle , which exposed the horrific conditions in the U.S. meatpacking industry


Upton Sinclair
 The Jungle
 Exposes horrors in meat packing industry

Meat Inspection Act 1906
 Roosevelt’s response to The Jungle
 Sent experts to investigate meat packing industry
 Government paid for inspections
 Did not have to date foods
 Could take inspectors to court to appeal

Pure Food & Drug Act 1906
 Stopped sale of contaminated food and medicine
 Required honest labeling of products

Leader of the women’s suffrage movement

Starter: Monday, October 23
Create a BINGO card using the words below. Put one word in each space:













Plessy v. Ferguson
Ida Tarbell
Booker T. Washington
William H. Taft
George Eastman muckrakers
Pure Food and Drug Act
19 th Amendment
Henry Ford
WEB Du Bois
Clayton Anti-trust Act
Meat Inspection Act
Carrie Nation













Woodrow Wilson
Bull Moose Party
Ida B. Wells
Florence Kelley
The Wright Brothers
Theodore Roosevelt
Progressive Movement
Prohibition
Upton Sinclair
Susan B. Anthony
Jim Crow laws
Square Deal
Conservation