INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
(ILOs)
Of RESPIRATORY BLOCK (RESP 224)
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RESPIRATORY BLOCK (RESP 226) Student Guide – College of Medicine- Al-Maarefa College
Table of guidelines/Requirements to achieve the ILOs
RESPIRATORY BLOCK (RESP 224)
The intended Learning Outcomes
 Describe the anatomical structure and histological
features of the upper respiratory tract
 Discuss the developmental formation of the upper
respiratory tract& related congenital anomalies
 Being oriented by the types of pathogenic bacteria
that cause upper respiratory tract infection.
 Recognize medications used to control upper
respiratory tract diseases symptoms.
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Requirements to achieve the ILOs
Anatomy
 Discuss the anatomical structure of nose.
 Define Paranasal sinuses.
 Describe the anatomical structure of pharynx.
 Enlist the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the pharynx with
their nerve supply and actions.
 Describe anatomical structure of larynx.
 Enlist the cartilages of the larynx.
 Define inlet of the larynx.
 Enlist the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the larynx with
their nerve supply and actions.
RESPIRATORY BLOCK (RESP 226) Student Guide – College of Medicine- Al-Maarefa College
Histology
 Differentiate between the olfactory and nasal mucosa.
 Discuss the microscopic structure of larynx
Embryology
 Discuss the formation of the lung buds.
 Describe the development of larynx.
Physiology
 Understand the conducting zone and non-conducting zone of
respiratory system
 Define the respiratory and non-respiratory functions.
 Recognize the functions of alveoli, pleura, and pleural cavity
Microbiology
 Enlist the pathogenic bacteria that cause upper respiratory
tract infection.
 Differentiate these microbes according to the different
microbiologicalaspects.
 Identify the clinical picture of each infectious microbe.
 Summarize the major toxic substances produced by these
bacteria and their role in inflammation and disease
complications.
Pharmacology
 Describe the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics,
adverse effects, drug interactions & therapeutic uses of
drugs used to treat cough &allergic rhinitis.
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RESPIRATORY BLOCK (RESP 226) Student Guide – College of Medicine- Al-Maarefa College
 Describe the anatomical structure, functional
anatomy and histological features of the trachea,
bronchial tree, pleura, lungs, respiratory wall, chest
muscles & diaphragm.
 Discuss the developmental formation of the
trachea, bronchial tree & lungs & related
congenital anomalies
 Understand the main physiological& biochemical
aspects of breathing & respiration with focusing on
mechanics & control of breathing in addition to
concepts of lung volume, capacities & compliance.
 Recognize the various infectious microbes & viruses
that can affect the respiratory system with their
impact on pathological features with special focus
on pneumonia & tuberculosis.
 Discuss the main pathological aspects concerning
different common respiratory diseases including
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs)&
lung tumors.
 Being oriented with medications used for COPDs
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Anatomy
 Discuss the anatomical structure of the trachea with its
relations.
 Define the term bronchial tree.
 Describe bronchopulmonary segments.
 Explain pleura.
 Define mediastinum.
 Discuss the anatomical structure of lungs.
 Enlist the relations of right and left lungs.
 Give the blood and nerve supply of the lungs.
 Identify the sternum and ribs with their characteristic
features.
 Define intercostal space with its contents.
 Describe intercostal muscles with their nerve supply and
actions.
 Enlist the respiratory muscles with their actions.
 Explain the Bucket handle and pump handle movements.
 Discuss the origin and insertion of diaphragm.
 Enlist the openings (with their contents) in the diaphragm.
 Give the motor and sensory nerve supply of the diaphragm.
Histology
 Describe the microscopic structure of trachea and lungs.
 Differentiate between the terminal and respiratory
bronchioles.
 Explain alveolar cells.
RESPIRATORY BLOCK (RESP 226) Student Guide – College of Medicine- Al-Maarefa College
Embryology
 Explain the mechanism of formation of trachea, bronchi and
lungs.
 Differentiate between the periods of lung maturation.
 Discuss the congenital anomalies of the respiratory system.
Physiology
 Intra-alveolar, intra pulmonary pressure and atmospheric
pressure
 How lungs expand during inspiration and air comes in and
out of lungs
 Respiratory muscles of normal inspiration and forced
inspiration and expiration
 Air way resistance
 Lung Volumes: TV, IRV, ERV and RV
 Lung capacities: VC, IC, FRC and TLC
 Importance of VC and FEV1 in obstructive and restrictive lung
disease
 What physiological and pathological factors can affect lung
volumes and capacities
 What is Compliance? What factors affect it?
 Surfactant and surface tension
 Transmural Pressure and factors which keep the alveoli open
 Respiratory distress syndrome, factors which can cause
collapse of alveoli
 Recognize the physiological aspects of the control of
breathing.
 Being oriented of the factors affecting respiration.
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RESPIRATORY BLOCK (RESP 226) Student Guide – College of Medicine- Al-Maarefa College
Physiology
 Explain how ventilation is regulated by the CNS
 Explain how blood gases and pH influence ventilation
 Describe the changes in percent oxyhemoglobin as a function
of arterial PO2 and explain how this relates to oxygen
transport
 Describe the various conditions that influence the
oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and oxygen transport
Microbiology
 Identify the infectious microbes of pneumonia according to
microscopic features, cultural characteristics, biotyping,
biochemical activities, and serotyping.
 Discriminate between granulomatous pneumonia, hospital
acquired pneumonia, and community acquired pneumonia
according to etiology and mechanism of inflammation.
 Enlist the clinical specimens that collected for diagnosis of
pneumonia.
 Discriminate between laboratory methods and their
significant diagnostic value for different types of pneumonia.
Biochemistry
 Recall the structure, classification and general functions of
phospholipids
 Recognize lung surfactant and respiratory distress syndrome.
 Understand the types and functions of phospholipases.
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RESPIRATORY BLOCK (RESP 226) Student Guide – College of Medicine- Al-Maarefa College
Pathology
 Understanding the concept of chronic suppurative lung dis.
 Recognizing etiopathogenesis of bronchiectasis
 Describing the gross and microscopic picture of
bronchiectatic lung.
 Be aware of the complications of bronchiectasis.
 Understanding the concept of pneumonia.
 Knowing the types of pneumonitis.
 Being able to differentiate between lobar pneumonia and
bronchopneumonia.
Microbiology
 Enlist the infectious microbes that cause tuberculosis.
 Differentiate between Mycobacterium species according to
microscopic examination, cultural morphology and
biochemical activities.
Pathology
 Identify the clinical picture and clinical diagnosis of
tuberculosis.
 Understand the definition and mechanism of granulomatous
inflammation.
 Recognize predisposing factors for T.B.
 Being oriented of types and morphological features of
pulmonary tuberculosis.
 Being aware of the complications of pulmonary T.B
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RESPIRATORY BLOCK (RESP 226) Student Guide – College of Medicine- Al-Maarefa College
Microbiology
 Identify the most common viruses transmitted by respiratory
droplets.
 Differentiate these viruses according to their structure,
clinical picture and laboratory diagnosis.
 Define the antigenic drift and antigenic shift characters of
Influenza virus.
 Define Latency and know the most common latent viruses.
Pathology
 Understand in brief the structure of respiratory acinus.
 Recognize the mechanism of lung tissue destruction in
emphysema.
 Being oriented of the gross and microscopic picture of
emphysematous lung.
 Be aware of the complications and outcome of
emphysematous patients.
 Understanding the main concept of obstructive pulmonary
disease.
 Recognizing pathological aspect of bronchial asthma as
regard its types, morphological picture and complications.
 Being aware of the definition of chronic bronchitis.
 Understanding the pathogenesis and the morphologic
changes of chronic bronchitis.
 Understanding the concept ofcorpulmonale and its
significant.
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RESPIRATORY BLOCK (RESP 226) Student Guide – College of Medicine- Al-Maarefa College
pharmacology
 Explain the first line & alternative drugs used as
antihistamincs with special emphases on bronchodilators,
corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory drugs, their
pharmacokinetics , pharmacodynamics, adverse effects &
route of administration.
 Enumerate drugs used in various types of COPD.
Pathology
 Recalling in brief classifications of lung tumors.
 Discussing the predisposing factors for bronchogenic
carcinoma.
 Recognizing methods of distant spread of bronchogenic
carcinoma.
 Understanding the morphological features of bronchogenic
carcinoma.
 Being oriented of the complications of bronchogenic
carcinoma.
 Recalling in brief some metastatic tumors to the lung and
methods of diagnosis.
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RESPIRATORY BLOCK (RESP 226) Student Guide – College of Medicine- Al-Maarefa College
 Recognize the mechanisms of the cellular
respiratory chain & its role in generating cellular
energy.
Biochemistry
 Discuss the importance of mechanisms of energy production
by cells.
 Describe the main concepts of the electron transport chain
(respiratory chain) of the mitochondria.
 Discuss the mechanisms of oxidative phosphorylation & its
role in energy production in the cells.
 Recognize the concepts of uncoupling proteins.
 Discuss the concepts of pulmonary ventilation &
gas exchange & transport system
Physiology
 Explain how inspiration and expiration are accomplished
 Describe lung volumes and capacities, and explain how
pulmonary function tests relate to pulmonary disorders
 Explain how partial gas pressures are calculated, and their
significance in measurements of arterial blood gases
 Describe the factors that influence the partial pressure of
blood gases and the total content of oxygen in the blood
 Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide is transported by the
blood
 Explain the relationship between blood levels of carbon
dioxide and the blood pH
 Describe the physiological & biochemical
 mechanisms concerning acid-base balance
&respiratory type of its disorders.
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RESPIRATORY BLOCK (RESP 226) Student Guide – College of Medicine- Al-Maarefa College
Biochemistry
 Recall the structure of oxygen binding proteins.
 Recognize the different statesof hemoglobin
 Identify factors affecting binding of hemoglobin to oxygen
 Understand concepts of acid-base balance
 Recognize laboratory investigations for assessing acid-base
status.
Identify types of disturbance of acid-base balance with
reference to lab investigations results.
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RESPIRATORY BLOCK (RESP 226) Student Guide – College of Medicine- Al-Maarefa College