The bones of limbs
The lower Limbs
By
Khaled Na3im
The pelvic girdle = 2 Hip bones + Sacrum
The hip bone ( coxa ) consists of three
components:
ilium,
pubis,
and ischium.

Acetabulum and obturator foramen
The ilium
a body
a wing or ala :iliac crest → anterior
superior iliac spine ,
posterior superior
iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine ,
posterior inferior iliac spine, tubercle of
iliac crest
other structures: iliac fossa and
arcuate line
The ischium
a body :ischial tuberosity
a ramus:ischial spine ,
lesser sciatic notch
greater sciatic notch
The pubis
a body: iliopubic eminence
and 2 rami:
inferior ramus
superior ramus :
pecten pubis,
pubic tubercle
Sciatic foramina
The Bones of Lower Limb
femur,
patella
tibia,
fibula,
and bones of foot .
The femur
The upper end: a head … a neck …,
and two trochanters …
The shaft: is convex anterior
linea aspera ( post. Surface )
gluteal tuberosity
pectineal line
The lower end: medial condyle and
lateral condyle,
medial and lateral epicondyles
adductor tubercle
Femur: Posterior
Pelvis
Head of femur
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Femur
Linea aspera
Medial condyle
Tibia
Lateral condyle
Fibula
The patella
Bursae
Related to
Knee joint
The tibia
The upper end: medial and
lateral condyles,
intercondylar eminence ,
tibial tuberosity,
The shaft: soleal line,
interosseous border
The lower end : medial malleolus,
fibular notch
The Leg
Femur
Lateral condyle of femur
Knee cap
Medial condyle of femur
Medial condyle of tibia
Lateral condyle of tibia
Tibial tuberosity
Fibula
Tibia
Lateral malleolus
Medial malleolus
Talus (tarsal bone)
The fibula
The upper end: a head …and
neck …
The shaft: interosseous border
The lower end : lateral malleolus
The bones of the foot:
three parts:
. the tarsal bones are 7,
. the metatarsal bones are 5
. the phalanges
The tarsal bones
proximal row: talus, calcaneus,
navicular and cuboid
distal row: medial, intermedial and
lateral cuneiforms
Tiger Cubs
Talus
Need
Navicular
A boat
It sails on the Cs
M I LC
Medial
cuneiform
(1)
Intermediate
cuneiform (2
Lateral
Calcaneus
cuneiform (3)
Cuboid
Foot Quiz
H
G
J
F
E
A
C
D
B
G. Medial
Cuneiform (1)
H. Intermediate
Cuneiform (2)
J. Lateral Cuneiform (3)
F. Navicular
E. Talus
A. Phalanges
C. Cuboid
D. Calcaneus
B. Metatarsals
Anatomical Drawings
Copyright Free Anatomical Drawings:
•Online:
•Gray’s Anatomy, 1918: 1250 free drawings with descriptions.
Excellent quality, but heavily labeled.
http://www.bartleby.com/107/
•Carl Bock. Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen. 1841.
Put on the web by Ronald A. Bergman
http://www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/index.shtml
Great drawings; fewer labels than Gray’s.
•Old Books (UC Berkeley Biosciences Library: (Xerox, then scan):
•Cull, P., Ed. (1989). The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration.
Park Ridge, NJ, Parthenon. Simple line drawings. Copyright free.
•Toldt, C. (1907). Anatomischer Atlas fur Studierende und Arzte.
Berlin, Urban & Schwarzenberg.
•The Limb Bones Powerpoint uses line drawings from Cull.
•This disc has examples of drawings from Gray’s & Bock (skull & pelvis)
•Make your own photographs & drawings using our models
Medical Mnemonics
Some are in books like this:
•Goldberg, S. (1984). Clinical Anatomy Made Ridiculously
Simple. Miami, FL, MedMaster.
There are many more on the Internet. The best
site that I have seen is Medical Mnemonics:
•http://www.medicalmnemonics.com
Try making up your own