THE ANKLE & LOWER
LEG
Lower Leg
Femur
Lateral condyle of femur
Knee cap
Medial condyle of femur
Medial condyle of tibia
Lateral condyle of tibia
Tibial tuberosity
Fibula
Tibia
Lateral malleolus
Medial malleolus
Talus (tarsal bone)
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Right Leg, Anterior View
Lower Leg2
Femur
Lateral condyle of femur
Knee cap
Medial condyle of femur
Medial condyle of tibia
Lateral condyle of tibia
Tibial tuberosity
Fibula
Tibia
Lateral malleolus
Medial malleolus
Talus (tarsal bone)
Right Leg, Anterior View
Mnemonic for Learning Tarsal
Bones:
Tiger Cubs
Talus
Need
MILC
Navicular
Medial
A boat
It sails on the Cs
cuneiform (1)
Intermediate
cuneiform (2)
Lateral
Calcaneus
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cuneiform (3)
Cuboid
Foot Quiz
H
G
J
F
E
A
C
D
Answers: Next Slide; for Drill Click Back & Forth
B
Right, Superior View
G. Medial
Cuneiform (1)
H. Intermediate
Cuneiform (2)
J. Lateral Cuneiform (3)
F. Navicular
E. Talus
A. Phalanges
C. Cuboid
D. Calcaneus
Foot Quiz Answers
B. Metatarsals
Right, Superior View
BONES OF THE ANKLE JOINT
Talocrural joint
►Composed of:
 Lateral Malleolus
(Distal Portion of
Fibula)
 Medial Malleolus
(Distal portion of
Tibia)
 Talus
Talocrural joint “cont.”
► JOINT
MOTIONS:
PLANTAR FLEXION
DORSIFLEXION
Subtalar Joint
►BONES
 CALCANEUS
 TALUS
SUBTALAR JOINT (Cont.)
►JOINT
MOTIONS
 INVERSION
 EVERSION
Distal Tib-Fib Joint
► No
true motion
► Ligaments prevent
the tibia and
fibula from
spreading apart.
LIGAMENTS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUES
►INTEROSSEOUS
MEMBRANE
 CONNECTS TIBIA
AND FIBULA
LIGAMENTS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUES
► Deltoid
ligament
 Medial aspect
of ankle
 Prevents
eversion
 Very strong
rarely torn!
LIGAMENTS
► THREE
LATERAL
LIGAMENTS:
 ANTERIOR
TALOFIBULAR
 POSTERIOR
TALOFIBULAR
 CALCANEOFIBULAR
 PREVENT
INVERSION
LIGAMENTS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUES
►Anterior
and Posterior
TIBIOFIBULAR ligaments
 BRIDGE THE TIBIA AND FIBULA
MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND LOWER
LEG
► MUSCLES




ON THE ANTERIOR SIDE
DORSIFLEX
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS MUSCLE
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS MUSCLE
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR MUSCLE
MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND LOWER
LEG
► SUPERFICIAL
POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
► PLANTARFLEX
► SOLEUS
► GASTROCNEMIUS
MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND LOWER
LEG
► LATERAL
COMPARTMENT
► EVERSION
► PERONEUS LONGUS
► PERONEUS BREVIS
MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND LOWER
LEG
► DEEP
POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
► INVERSION
► TIBIALIS POSTERIOR MUSCLE
► FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
► FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
Muscles of the Foot,
Ankle, Lower Leg
Gastrocnemius
►
►
►
►
►
►
Origin
Medial head medial femoral
condyle;
Lateral head lateral condyle
Insertion the Achilles tendon,
inserting on the middle 1/3 of
the posterior calcaneal surface
Action Powerful plantar flexor
of ankle
InnervationTibial nerve (S1,
S2)
Soleus
► Origin
fibular head,
Insertion Achilles
tendon, inserting on
the middle 1/3 of the
posterior calcaneal
surface
► Action Powerful
plantar flexor of ankle
► Innervation Tibial
nerve (S1, S2)
Plantaris
►
►
►
►
Origin supracondylar line
of distal femur
Insertion Middle 1/3 of
the posterior calcaneal
surface, just medial to
Achilles tendon
Action Plantar flexor of
ankle; also flexes knee
Innervation Tibial nerve
(L5, S1, S2)
Achilles Tendon
Tibialis Posterior
►
►
►
►
►
►
Origin medial fibula,
Insertion 2
superficial slip inserts on
the tuberosity of the
navicular bone;
deeper slip plantar
sufraces of metatarsals 2 4 and second cuneiform
Action Principal invertor
of foot
Innervation Tibial nerve
(L4, L5)
Flexor Digitorum Longus
►
►
►
►
Origin Posterior surface
of tibia
Insertion Splits into
four slips these slips
then insert on plantar
surface of bases of 2nd
- 5th distal phalanges
Action Flexes toes 2 5; also helps inversion
of ankle
Innervation Tibial
nerve
Flexor Hallucis Longus
►
►
►
►
Origin Inferior 2/3 of
posterior surface of fibula,
Insertion Plantar surface
of base of distal phalanx of
great toe
Action Flexes great toe,
helps to invert ankle
Innervation Tibial nerve
Tibialis Anterior
►
►
►
►
Origin Lateral condyle of
tibia,
Insertion 1st cuneiform
and on base of first
metatarsal
Action Dorsiflexor of ankle
Innervation Deep
peroneal nerve (L4, L5,
S1)
Extensor Hallucis Longus
►
►
►
►
Origin Anterior fibula and
the interosseous
membrane
Insertion Base and dorsal
center of distal phalanx of
great toe
Action Extends great toe
and dorsiflexes ankle
Innervation Deep
peroneal nerve (L4, L5,
S1)
Extensor Digitorum Longus
►
►
►
►
Origin head of fibula,
Insertion Splits into 4
tendon slips each of which
insert on middle and distal
phalanges
Action Extend toes 2 - 5
and dorsiflexes ankle
Innervation Deep
peroneal nerve (L4, L5,
S1)
Peroneus Tertius
►
►
►
►
Origin fibular shaft
surface
Insertion base of the fifth
metatarsal
Action evert the foot
Innervation Deep
peroneal nerve
Peroneus Brevis
► Origin
Inferior 2/3 of
lateral fibular surface;
► Insertion Base of 5th
metatarsal base
► Action Everts foot
Innervation
Superficial peroneal
nerve
Peroneus Longus
► Origin
Head of
fibula,
► Insertion 1st
metatarsal base
► Action Everts foot
► Innervation
Superficial peroneal
nerve