Tuesday Oct 5th
Sit in your group location today!
TODAY: TEST #2
Plus, with Question #10 we’ll begin our
CLASS BRISTLECONE PINE TREE-RING PROJECT
(to collect and analyze data for Assignment I-3)
The MIDTERM EXAM is next week:
Thursday Oct 14th
The Midterm STUDY GUIDE will be posted tonight.
Grading is STILL IN PROGRESS for I-1 & I-2
Thank you for your patience!
IMPORTANT UPCOMING CLASSES:
TUESDAY
Oct 5
THURSDAY
Oct 7
TEST #2
Group Tree-Ring
Activity for I-3: Day 1
TUESDAY
Oct 12
THURSDAY
Oct 14
Group Tree-Ring
Activity for I-3: Day 2
MIDTERM EXAM
+ Midterm Exam
Mini-Review & Practice
TUESDAY
Oct 19
THURSDAY
Oct 21
Topic #10 & G-3
Topic #11
RQ-5 due
Group Assignment
NOTE: If you miss a Group Activity – you will need to make it up
by going to a TA office hour -- plus, YOUR GROUP NEEDS YOU!
This week only:
My Oct 6th Wed afternoon 2 – 3 pm
office hour is cancelled this week
due to an unavoidable conflict –
please email me to set up an
appointment at another time if you
need to see me this week.
TA’s will hold their
office hours as usual!
http://fp.arizona.edu/kkh/nats101gc/teachingteam.htm
Review of: INDIVIDUAL
TEST PROCESS
 Complete silence is needed in the classroom during
the INDIVIDUAL TEST.
 You should be sitting in the general area of your
Group Location and already have an ANSWER FORM -put your NAME & GROUP # on it NOW if you haven’t yet
done so.
 When everyone is ready, Dr H & TA’s will pass out the
TEST QUESTION SHEET to each student.
 Extra forms will be collected – raise your hand if we
miscounted so we can collect the extras.
INDIVIDUAL TEST ANSWER
FORM 
Be sure to enter your
NAME & GROUP #
on BOTH the TEST
QUESTION SHEET & THE
ANSWER FORM
Also enter the TEST
#
Today’s Test is #2
INDIVIDUAL TEST PROCESS (cont.)
 When you have completed your test and filled in the
answer form, double check to be sure your NAME &
GROUP # are on BOTH the TEST QUESTION SHEET &
ANSWER FORMS.
Place the ANSWER FORM (with your name showing)
inside your FOLDED TEST QUESTION SHEET as
directed to hide your answers, raise your hand & a TA
will collect the test items from you
It’s EXTREMELY IMPORTANT to maintain the
classroom SILENCE while others are finishing their
tests. You WILL disturb your fellow students still taking
the test if there is any talking whatsoever! 
Name: Stan St Student
Group # 0
Answer
Form
When you are done, fold the
TEST QUESTION SHEET in half
and place your ANSWER FORM
inside with only your NAME &
GROUP # showing at the top .
Then raise your hand.
Someone will pick it up from you.
PLEASE PROTECT THE INTEGRITY
OF YOUR ANSWER FORM &
KEEP YOUR ANSWERS COVERED!
TODAY’S SPECIAL PROCEDURES:
After all individual tests are
collected, QUESTION #10 will be
explained by Dr H,
THEN you will get into your groups
to do the GROUP TEST,
followed by QUESTION #10:
(a) Your Individual Skeleton Plot
(b) Your Group’s Pattern Matching
While waiting for others to finish, you may do
the following IN SILENCE:
(1) Snooze, daydream, think deeply about GLOBAL
CHANGE . . . or plan your weekend
(2) Read the Wildcat – allowed on Test Days only! Or
work on materials from ANOTHER CLASS (not ours)
(3) Absolutely no NATS 101–GC CLASS NOTES or
laptops out
(4) Absolutely NO PHONES OUT OR TEXTING – we will
confiscate them until after class.
(5) THIS IS A TEST! NO leaving the classroom while it
is going on – even after you finish your own test!
(Wait until group time if you absolutely have to go!
If you are feeling ill and it is an emergency -- come
down to front of classroom and ask permission)
OK . . . . Now that we’ve got THAT
taken care of . . .
Take a deep breath,
Get into THINKING DEEPLY mode . . .
And do a GREAT

JOB!!!!
Name: Stan St Student
Group # 0
Answer
Form
REMINDER . . . .
When you are done, fold the
TEST QUESTION SHEET in half
and place your ANSWER FORM
inside with only your NAME &
GROUP # showing at the top .
Then raise your hand.
Someone will pick it up from you.
PLEASE PROTECT THE INTEGRITY
OF YOUR ANSWER FORM &
KEEP YOUR ANSWERS COVERED!
And now
the . . . . .
QUESTION
#10
THE NATS 101-GC
TREE-RING
EXTRAVAGANZA!!
Part 1
Question #10 will get
you started on:
Assignment I-3
(the in-class part)
The Bristlecone Pine
(BCP) Activity
TODAY:
Skeleton Plotting your own
core by hand, then
Pattern-Matching with the other
students in your group to make a
Site Composite, then
 Crossdating with the Master
Skeleton Plot (assigning Calendar
dates to your own plot)
Your “paper”
cores are from
real
BRISTLECONE
PINE SITES
(you’ll learn more
about them on
Thursday)
5 SITES IN WESTERN U.S.
All are
Bristlecone
Pine sites
SITE NAME
(abrev) CORE ID
Sheep Mt (SHP)
C
Campito Mt (CAM)
D
Methuselah Walk
B
(MWK)
Almagre Mt (ALM)
E
Hermit Lake (HER) A
Map is on
p 135 in
Class Notes
Upper forest border
SKELETON PLOTTING YOUR OWN CORE
Cartoon Cores from Assignment I-2:
PROJECT’S PAPER CORES:
PROJECT’S PAPER CORES:
Earlywood & latewood NOT shown
INSTEAD: each narrow ring you should plot is
colored in for you (yay!)
REMEMBER: be sure to draw your
longest lines for the most narrow rings!
Frost ring = marked by xxxxx
WHAT ARE FROST RINGS?
Permanent wood damage in cells,
due to freezing & expansion of
intercelluar water, can be useful
for pattern matching &
crossdating!
Produced by a severe freeze occurring
DURING the tree’s growing season
SETTING UP YOUR SKELETON
PLOT GRAPH PAPER:
Important: USE A PENCIL not a pen!
Core ID #
Your NAME
LABEL intervals of 10
FROST
RING
Starting Flag for
Ring 0 (first ring)
Note: be sure to
plot your lines so
that they reach the
bottom edge of the
paper!
Ending Flag for LAST complete (not
jagged) RING in core -- plot arrow when
finished, not all cores have 60 rings
Pattern Matching
Pattern Matching
Student A’s plot
A-1
Student B’s plot
Making a
Site
Composite
SITE COMPOSITE = all individual
plots from your site patternmatched & taped together
Crossdating with the Master
Goal: To assign calendar
dates to each of the skeleton
plots in your group!
Your 2 pts for your
INDIVIDUAL GRADE for
Question #10 are based on:
-- a correct skeleton plot
-- correct dates assigned to
your skeleton plot
Site Skeleton Plot Masters
(with dates marked & narrowest
rings shown by long lines)
Also on the Skeleton Plot Masters
you will find
“FROST RING YEARS” marked!
FR = frost ring year
TODAY – QUESTION #10:
(1) Plot the skeleton plot for the core
given to you. (Please DO NOT WRITE
ON THE CORE ITSELF)
(2) Be sure your name & the CORE ID #
is on your GRAPH PAPER when your
PLOT is done.
(3) Pattern match with other students –
you’ll tape together the plots into a
SITE COMPOSITE when match is made
TODAY – (cont.)
(4) After the SITE COMPOSITE IS
TAPED TOGETHER – Assign starting
and ending CALENDAR DATES to each
plot in the Composite
(5) When everyone’s plot is dated,
carefully take apart the composite and
LEAVE you CORE & your PLOT in your
GROUP FOLDER for Question #10
validation. – (Be sure your name and
Core ID is on your PLOT.
1&2
“Guest”
GTA Erica
Bigio
11 & 12
GTA Rebecca
Franklin
3&4
GTA
Elizabeth May
13 & 14
5&6
7&8
9 & 10
“Guest”
GTA Ela
Czyzowska
15 & 16 17 & 18 19 & 20
YOUR FACILITATORS
Today: Dr H
AFTER YOU ARE DONE WITH YOUR GROUP
TEST . . . Get your GROUP FOLDER
Then WAIT for your Facilitator to arrive with the
plotting materials….
TO SKELETON PLOT YOUR OWN CORE !!
RECAP: HOW TO SET UP YOUR
SKELETON PLOT GRAPH PAPER:
Important: USE A PENCIL not a pen!
Core ID #
Your NAME
LABEL intervals of 10
FROST
RING
Starting Flag for
Ring 0 (first ring)
Note: be sure to
plot your lines so
that they reach the
bottom edge of the
paper!
Ending Flag for LAST complete (not
jagged) RING in core -- plot arrow when
finished, not all cores have 60 rings
Thursday Oct 7th
Sit in your group location today!
TODAY: CLASS TREE-RING PROJECT
The MIDTERM EXAM is a next week:
Thursday Oct 14th
The Midterm STUDY GUIDE is now posted.
Directions for ASSIGNMENT I-3
are now posted.
More D2L Grades have been revealed
but grading is STILL IN PROGRESS for I-1 & I-2
Thank you for your patience!
IMPORTANT UPCOMING CLASSES:
THURSDAY
Oct 7
Group Tree-Ring
Activity for I-3: Day 1
TUESDAY
Oct 12
THURSDAY
Oct 14
Group Tree-Ring
Activity for I-3: Day 2
MIDTERM EXAM
+ Midterm Exam
Mini-Review & Practice
TUESDAY
Oct 19
THURSDAY
Oct 21
Topic #10 & G-3
Topic #11
RQ-5 due
Group Assignment
NOTE: If you miss a Group Activity – you will need to make it up
by going to a TA office hour -- plus, YOUR GROUP NEEDS YOU!
THE NATS 101-GC
TREE-RING
ACTIVITY
(cont.)
1&2
GTA
Elizabeth May
11 & 12
3&4
5&6
7&8
9 & 10
GTA Rebecca
Franklin
13 & 14
15 & 16
17 & 18
19 & 20
PART A: SITE DESCRIPTIONS
PART B: COLLECTING DATA &
ANALYZING YOUR SITE
PART C: SITE-TO-SITE COMPARISONS
PART D: DEVELOPING &
TESTING HYPOTHESES
PART A:
BRISTLECONE
PINE SITE
DESCRIPTIONS
To fill in Table
CLASS NOTES
pp135 - 136
OBSERVATION TABLE
(p 136 of Class Notes)
p 136
5 SITES IN WESTERN U.S.
All are
Bristlecone
Pine sites
SITE NAME (abrev) CORE ID
Sheep Mt (SHP)
C
Campito Mt (CAM)
D
Methuselah Walk
B
(MWK)
Almagre Mt (ALM)
E
Hermit Lake (HER) A
Map on
p 135
Upper forest border
Upper &
Lower Forest
Border:
Temperaturesensitive and
Precipitationsensitive Trees
Take notes
p 136 Table
SITE 1 (SHP) SHEEP MT,
Inyo Range, California
• In the White Mountains near
Bishop, California
• Elevation - 3475 meters
(~11,500 ft)
• Rock type - dolomite
Upper forest border
see
p 136 Table
SHEEP MT
SHEEP MT
SITE 2 (CAM) CAMPITO
Mt
• White Mts. Near Bishop
California
• Elevation - 3400 meters
(~11,000 ft)
• Rock type - sandstone
Upper forest border
see
p 136 Table
CAMPITO MT
CAMPITO MT
SITE 3 (MWK)
METHUSELAH
WALK
• In White Mts near
Bishop California
• Elevation - 2805 meters
(~ 9200 ft)
• Rock type - Dolomite
see
p 136 Table
Upper forest border
METHUSELAH WALK
METHUSELAH WALK
SITE 4 (ALM)
Almagre Mt
• located in the Front
Range of the Colorado
Rockies
• Elevation - 3536 meters
(~11,600 ft)
• Rock type - granite
Upper forest border
see
p 136 Table
ALMAGRE MT
ALMAGRE MT
SITE 5 (HER)
HERMIT LAKE
• located in the Front
Range of the Colorado
Rockies
• Elevation – 3657 meters
(~ 12,000 ft)
• Rock type - sandstone
see
p 136 Table
Upper forest border
HERMIT LAKE
HERMIT
LAKE
PART B
COLLECT DATA: (from BCP cores)
by plotting skeleton plots, pattern
matching, & crossdating
 ANALYZE DATA: (for your site)
By carefully examining core data,
skeleton plots, masters, and treering index plots.
Go to: WORKSHEET PART B ( p137)
For analyzing & answering questions
about possible causes for variations
in the BCP ring widths – you’ll need to
know the following:
• Possible causes for FROST RINGS in BCP
• What the graph of global Northern Hemisphere
temperature variations looks like
• What else might enhance growth in trees
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT FROST RINGS:
Produced by a severe
freeze occurring
DURING the tree’s
2 nights < - 5o C
intervening day 0o C
growing season :
Growing season for high elevation
bristlecone pines = June – Aug, continues
into September during cooler years (growth
is slower during cool summers) and makes
them more susceptible to an early frost
Have been linked to
global cooling after
major volcanic
eruptions !!
Volcanic aerosols in stratosphere from
sulfur dioxide gases in eruption can
REFLECT back incoming solar radiation 
global cooling
Graph is on
p 72 in Class
Notes
SOME MAJOR
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
OF THE PAST
250 YEARS:
Laki (Iceland)
1783
El Chichon? (Mexico)
1809
Tambora (Indonesia)
1815
Cosiguina (Nicaragua)
1835
Krakatau (Indonesia)
1883
Agung (Indonesia)
1963
El Chichon (Mexico)
1982
Mt Pinatubo (Philippines) 1991
Global cooling can occur for up to 3
years after the eruption!
PAST
NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE
TEMPERATURE
VARIATIONS
Graph is on p 78 in CLASS NOTES & in color on p 47 of Dire Predictions
THE ROLE OF CO2 & TREE
GROWTH!
See top of p 76 in Class Notes