AP GOVERNMENT
3) Of the more than two billion dollars spent on campaigns in 1988, between 15 and 25 percent went to
WORKSHEET CHAPTER 9: NOMINATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1) A presidential campaign depends more and more on a) an army of campaign workers b) volunteerism among politically active citizens c) a command of the technology of communication d) the accurate forecasting of public opinion
2) One of the first applications of communications technology to political campaigning was a) Viguerie's computerized mailing list b) Carter's Statmap computer program c) electronic voting machines d) Eisenshower's use of a teleprompter
8) The Democratic and Republican candidates for president are formally nominated by the a) Electoral college b) National party conventions c) Presidential primaries d) Presidential caucuses
9) In states with caucuses, a) Delegates are chosen through a general election of a candidate. b) Supporters of candidates try to get elected as delegates through a pyramid of meetings c) Candidates appoint supporters to serve as delegates d) Party leaders select delegates according to their own policy preferences a) Television advertising b) Billboards c) computer services and direct mail d) Campaign workers
4) Nomination for public office is a) Selection by party caucuses b) A victory in the general election c) A party's endorsement of a candidate d) a win in key states primaries.
5) The decisions candidates make for manipulating media attention and allocating time, energy, and money are called a) Momentum b) A campaign strategy
6) c) The public image d) commitment
Winners of presidential nominations are most likely to be a) Incumbent b) Senators, Governors, or members of Congress c) Unemployed notables d) All of the above
7) These days, a politician's candidacy needs either to be announced or to be an open secret a) 121 days before the party conventions b) at any time before the party convention c) A year before the party convention d) Just before the first presidential primary
10) Today, a majority of the delegates to the national convention are selected through a) Presidential primaries b) Party caucuses c) State party conventions d) Local party conventions
11) The state that has disproportionate power because it holds the first presidential primary each election year is a) California b) New Hampshire c) Iowa d) Rhode Island
12) In achieving 'momentum' nothing helps a candidate more than a) Closing the gap in the last stages of the campaign. b) Winning where a win expected c) Early victories d) Strong competition
13) A study of the Democratic primaries and caucuses in
1984 showed that a) Money was one of the most important factors in predicting caucus than outcome b) Primaries were more important to presidential candidates than caucuses c) Personal contact was the most important factor in predicting the outcome of primaries and caucuses d) Democrats spent more money on primaries than on caucuses

14) Today candidates are usually informally nominated before the convention because a) The media picked the winners b) Conventions must nominate on only one ballot c) Delegates selected in binding primaries and caucuses have known preferences d) Party incumbents have already made the selection.
15) Conventions are not as important as they once were in that a) Most delegates have known voting commitments b) They have not taken more than one ballot to nominate a president since 1952 c) There is less drama and fanfare d) Rousing credentials fights and keynote speeches are a thing of the past.
16) The last day of a party national convention is reserved for a) Hearing reports of the Credentials Committee b) The vice-president nomination and acceptance speech c) Balloting d) Debates on a party platform
17) the job of the Credentials Committee is to a) Recall party heroes and criticize the opposition b) Check press credentials and monitor news coverage c) Determine delegates eligibility d) Second nominating speeches
18) When just starting a campaign for the presidency a candidate should a) Get a campaign counsels b) Hire a pollster c) Get a good press secretary d) All of the above
19) Data indicate that campaign costs are a) Remaining constant when adjusting for cost of living increases b) Increasing over the years c) Cheaper than they were in 1980 d) Well worth it
20) Research indicates that in an election, dollars spent and votes received a) Have no correlation b) Are directly correlated c) Together produced a victory d) Both a and b
21) Defenders of PAC's point out that they a) Give most of their money to incumbents b) Tend to support those who agree with them in the first place c) Can potentially buy voters d) Both a and b
22) An example of a decision that would involve the largest expenditure in a presidential campaign would be the decision to. a) Sign a contract for several full page newspaper ads and hire a professional pollster b) Rent a train to carry the campaign to the people c) Arrange for a television debate with the opposing candidate d) Use television advertising to project a positive image and present issue positions
23) Public relations efforts to mold a candidate's image worry some observers of American politics because a) it increases the costs of elections b) Madison Avenue will become more influential than Wall Street or Main Street in American politics c) It increases the length of presidential elections d) It causes misinformation and disregard for the issues
24) The group responsible for administering and enforcing the Federal Election Campaign Act is the a) PAC b) National Committee on Elections c) FEC d) Common Cause
True and False: There are THREE false answers
25) For the majority of voters, a political campaign has little reality apart from its media version.
26) Success in getting nominating requires a campaign strategy that helps the candidate achieve momentum, money, and media attention.
27) No twentieth century president who has sought renomination has ever failed.
28) Three offices, U.S. Representative, U.S. Senator and state governor, have provided the electoral base for
80 percent of the major candidates since the end of
World War II.
29) Delegates to the party national convention are selected either through state primaries or state caucuses.

30) Because primaries divide the vote among several candidates, the caucuses play a more significant role in the nomination process.
31) States with presidential primaries require delegates to vote according to the primary results.
32) The laws determining how the primaries are set up, who may enter them, and who may vote in them are made by state legislatures and state parties.
33) Both causes and primaries strive to accurately represent the voting public, but participation in primaries tend to be unrepresentative.
34) A study of the 1984 Democratic primaries, and caucuses indicates that money does not help increase a candidates chances of victory.
35) The winner of a presidential nomination is usually a foregone conclusion because most voting preferences are known before delegates even get to the convention.
36) There is evidence to show that money does not buy election victories.
37) Jacobson's study of the role of money in congressional elections showed that the more incumbents spent, the worse they did, which means you can best help your candidate by donating money to his or her competition.
38) The Federal Election Commission provides public financing for presidential primaries and elections, and limits campaign spending.
39) The campaign finance reforms of the 1970s have made campaigns more open and honest and help to restore public confidence in the integrity of political campaigning.
40) The campaign financing reforms of 1974 and 1984 have given enormous power to large corporations and political action committees.
41) PACs have the potential for giving money to candidates in exchange for policies favorable to their interest.
42) Today, about half the total budget for a major presidential campaign will be targeted toward television advertising.
FILL IN THE BLANK
43) A______________________ is a party's official endorsement of a candidacy for office.
44) A candidate is nominated when he or she wins the majority of delegates ballots at the national
________________.
45) A meeting of state party leaders to select their state their state's delegates to the national convention is called a _____________.
46) A _____________ is a representative of a state or territory at the national party convention.
47) A general election in a state in which voters vote for a candidate for president is called a
_______________________.
48) George Bush referred to his surprise victory over
Reagan in the Iowa caucuses of 1980 as 'the big mo,' by which he meant __________________.
49) The day in early March of 1988 when a dozen or so southern states held their presidential primary in hopes of boosting the chances of a conservative candidate was called
___________________________.
50) The word _________________ comes from a military term for all allocating scarce resources to achieve strategic objectives.
51) The picture campaign organizers try to protect of a candidate's personality, leadership abilities and position on issues is called a
_____________________________.
52) To the question, 'does money buy elections?' the text answers _______.
53) Campaign financing reforms and provisions for government regulation of campaign and election financing are embodied in the
________________________ of 1974.
54) The bipartisan body created to administer and enforce the campaign financing laws is called the
__________________.
55) The funding vehicles created by the recent campaign reforms, such as committees organized by corporations, unions and special interest groups, are called ___________________________.

56) The concept of ___________________________ describes the confirmation of a voter's preferences in response to a campaign.
ANSWERS
1) c
2) d
3) c
4) c
5) b
6) d
7) c
8) b
9) b
10) a
11) b
12) c
13) a
14) c
15) a
16) b
17) c
18) d
19) b
20) a
21) d
22) d
23) b
24) c
FALSE STATEMENTS
30, 34, 37
Fill in the blank
43) nomination
44) party convention
45) caucus
46) delegate
47) presidential primary
48) momentum
49) Super Tuesday
50) campaign
51) public image
52) no
53) FECA
54) FEC
55) PAC’s
56) reinforcement
57) conversion
57) The concept of _____________________ describes the changing of a voter's preferences in response to a campaign.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST
58) Presidential primary and presidential caucus
59) 1968 Democratic National Convention, McGovern-Fraser commission, superdelegates
60) frontloading, delegates, national convention
61) direct mail, campaign manager, pollster
61) Federal Election Campaign Act, matching funds, and soft money