Section 2 and Section 3
1. Why did African Resistance movements fail?
2. What was the only African country to maintain
independence from Europe?
3. What is direct control? Name one specific
example of direct control.
4. List two reasons Europeans were interested in
colonizing the Middle East
5. What is it called when you make relations with a
country or region to benefit your own country?
After Test:
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Read chapter 12 section 1 and take 1 page of
notes.
Focus on the following:
The meaning of Imperialism.
What countries were taking part in
imperialism?
Four reasons for imperialism?
What areas in the world had become weak
during the 1800’s?
Forms of Imperial Rule: direct, indirect,
protectorate and sphere of influence
Chapter 12
The New Imperialism
Imperialism-domination of one
country over another politically
(government), economically and
culturally.
Chapter 12 Imperialism
At the end of this chapter you should be
able to explain:
1.The definition of Imperialism and reason
for European expansion.
2. Compare the standard of living between
European and African countries.
3. The impact of imperialism with the
modernization of Japan, political and social
reform in China, and the exploitation of
African resources
Section 1
Imperialism- one country’s domination
over the political, economic and social life
of another country.
• Europe , U.S., Russia and Japan were all
taking part in Imperialism. Why these
countries?
• “New Imperialism” aggressive expansion
in the world by industrial countries
• Most of the world was controlled or
influenced by the above countries by the
1900’s
Reasons for Imperialism during the late
1800’s/1900’s
1. Political power and rivalries- European
countries, Russia, and U.S. all wanted
more power and territory in the world.
2. Desire for New Markets and Natural
Resources- Imperial countries wanted
more resources for Industrialization and
more people to trade with.
Reasons for Imperialism cont…
3. Civilizing Mission- Imperial countries
felt places in Africa and Asia were not
civilized and Europeans felt it was their
duty to go in and modernize people in
those regions. One way to do this was
by converting people to Christianity.
This attitude is called Social Darwinism.
Social Darwinism
• Social Darwinism was a social theory
during the 1800’s.
• The theory is based on the idea that
those who were the fittest in society
had the most wealth and success and
would suppress those that were not.
• Example-European nations were
industrialized and enjoyed a higher
standard of living. Because they had
the money and power they would
exploit other cultures (Africa and Asia)
for their own gain.
Western Powers Strong
• Western nations in Europe, the US and Russia
were all advanced with money and strong
armies
• This allowed them to take over weaker
countries for resources and trade
• For example, Britain began to influence trade
in India during the 1500’s
• This influence turned into Britain totally
colonizing India by the 1800’s
3 types of Imperialism
• Colony-direct rule through colonial
officials. (Africa)
• Protectorate- country has own govt.
but its policies are guided by imperial
country. Cost less to run for imperial
country. (Africa, Indonesia)
• Sphere of influence- imperial country
has exclusive trading rights. (China)
Places that were colonized or influenced by
Imperialism during the 1800’s
Western Advantages
1. Western countries had strong economies,
well-organized governments and powerful
armies
2. Maxim gun-worlds first machine gun
3. Steam engines allowed Europeans to
navigate rivers, railroads helped navigate land
and communication
Western Advantages cont…
4. Quinine drug protected Europeans from
diseases
5. Europeans would peg one tribe against
another (African tribes were not united due to
the many different languages and cultures)
6. Asian and African countries did resist but
ultimately could not overpower Western
countries
Forms of Control
• Direct rule-officials from the colonial
country would be sent to govern the
native people in a colony. The colonial
countries culture is forced onto native
people.
• Indirect control-the colonial country uses
sultans, chiefs or other local rulers to
govern the colony. This way groomed
“westernized leaders”
Section 2
The Partition of
Africa
Africa Late 1800’s
• Africa is a huge continent consisting of
hundreds of different languages, tribes and
many different types of government
• BY the late 1800’s the entire continent will be
colonized
• The slave trade ends but Africans will still be
completely controlled due to Imperialism
• Islam had spread in North Africa, West Africa
and East Africa
• South Africa was controlled by the Zulu tribe
Before Imperialism in Africa
• Until the 1800’s Europeans knew little
of Africa until missionary explorer
David Livingstone went their in 1840
• What contact did Europeans have with
Africans before the 1800’s?
A: slave trade and trade for other items
such as beeswax and ivory. Trade was
controlled by African tribes
Africa Before Imperialism cont…
• Travel into the interior
of Africa was almost
impossible due to
hard to navigate rivers
and diseases
• Before European
imperialism Africa was
divided into hundreds
of ethnic and linguistic
groups (see map
Imperialism Begins
• The only Europeans who traveled into Africa
early on were missionaries, humanitarians
and explorers.
• David Livingstone went there in 1860
• He was no where to be found until an
American reporter-Henry Stanley found him
in 1872-”Dr. Livingstone I presume”?
• Stanley then set out to explore the Congo on
behalf of Belgium’s King Leopold II.
• Stanley obtained land for Belgium by having
local chiefs sign treaties which gave Belgium
control of the land.
Imperialism Begins cont…
• Local chiefs signed the treaties because
King Leopold said he was for abolishing
the slave trade.
• Instead, Leopold hired companies to
exploit the Congolese Africans and force
them to collect rubber sap. At least 10
million died.
• Soon Britain, Germany, France, Italy,
Portugal and Spain started claiming parts
of Africa.
King Leopold of Belgium
David Livingstonemissionary from Scotland
Henry Stanley-US
newspaper reporter
Result of Imperialism in Africa
• Before the time of Imperialism only 10% of
Africa was controlled by outside countries
• During the height of Imperialism only 2
independent countries remained
• European countries took many resources from
Africa such as gold, tin, rubber, salt, iron, ivory
and jute.
• Europeans converted some Africans to
Christianity, taught Africans their language
and culture, and modernized certain parts of
The race is on
• European countries started grabbing
land like it was a race.
• The Berlin Conference was set up by
14 countries to lay down rules for
the division of Africa to prevent
conflict.
Examples of Imperialism in Africa
• Congo-taken over by King Leopold from
Belgium. Belgians practiced brutality to
force natives to harvest rubber and
elephant tusks.
• French take territories in North AfricaAlgeria
• Italy-took over the “Horn of Africa”
Examples of Imperialism cont…
• South Africa-taken over by the British, the
African Zulus tribe fought fiercely but still lost
in the end.
• Boer War- S. Africa held a population of Dutch
farmers that had been in S. Africa since the
1600’s. The Boers did not want the British or
Africans to have control. British and Boers
fought in the South African War. Britain won in
1910.
African Resistance
• Europeans gained control of Africa through
force or by signing treaties with the Europeans.
• In many cases Africans resisted the Europeans
but many were unsuccessful
• Ex.-Algeria’s resistance against the Germans
• Successful Revolt-occurred in Ethiopia.
• King Menelik II played Itlay, France, and Britain
against each other
• King Menelik built up his forces and
successfully defended his country
• King Menelik II
preserved
Ethiopian
independence
from Europeans
until the 1900’s
• Implemented
western
schooling, roads,
modern weapons
What were the positive and negative
effects of imperialism in Africa?
Positive
Negative
Long Term Impact of Imperialism-Rwandan
Genocide
• Occurred in 1994 and lasted for 100
days. 800,000 to a million people
killed
• Conflict between the Hutu (majority)
and Tutsi tribe (minority)
• During Imperialism the Belgians put
the Tutsi tribe in charge for indirect
rule of the colony
• The Belgians measured the facial
features of the Tutsi and deemed
the more “white” which in that term
meant superior
• Anger festered for years until the
colony was independent in the
1960’s
• Both tribes fought over control until
it ended in genocide
White Man’s Burden Primary Source Activity
1. According to Kipling, and in
your own words, what was the
“White Man’s Burden”?
2. What reward did Kipling
suggest the “White Man” gets for
carrying his “burden”?
3. Who did Kipling think would
read his poem? What do you think
his audience might have said in
response to it during the 1800’s
versus the response today?
Middle East Imperialism
Chapter 12 Section 3
Imperialism in the Middle East
• Three major empires controlled the
Middle East-Ottomans, Safavids (Persia
aka Iran) and Mughals in India-all three
declined in power
• The Ottoman Empire based in modern
day _______________started to decline
by the 1800’s.
Imperialism in the Middle East
cont…
• In 1830 Greece and Serbia won the
right to govern themselves. Other
Balkan nations rebelled also.
• European nations wanted control in this
region for trading routes.
• _______________________-an interest
in taking land for strategic reasons.
(trade, ports, alliances)
Ottoman Empire Declines
• By the 1800’s the empire drastically declines
• Crimean War -fought between Russia vs. the
Ottomans with the help of Britain and France
• Ottomans won but the war revealed their
military weakness
• They continued to lose land in South Eastern
Europe-Montenegro, Bosnia, Romania,
Cyprus, Herzegovina
• North Africans revolted along with Arabia,
Lebanon and Armenia
Crimean Peninsula
Ottomans Grant Reform
• 1700’s Ottoman rulers started to allow
___________________
• Opened up education
• Increased industrialization and modern
technologies
• Railroads and transportation grew
• Healthcare was better and population
increased
• Some anti-western _______________ resisted
Armenian Genocide
• Nationalists tensions
increased in Ottoman Empire
• _____________________
were Christians who were
persecuted and killed during
the 1890’s
• Armenians were accused of
supporting Russian plans
against the Ottoman Empire
• 600,000 to 1.5 million were
killed or died of
disease/starvation
Middle Eastern Empires Decline
• Overall, Middle Eastern Empires
declined by the 1900s.
• This opened up territory for European
___________________________
• Some areas opened up were:
• Iran
• Afghanistan
• Egypt
Great Game
• Great Britain and Russia engaged in
wars over ______________ and
Pakistan.
• India was Britain’s colony so they had
to defend it.
• The Russians wanted Afghanistan for
trade routes
Middle Eastern Countries try to
Modernize
• Some countries try to
modernize to strengthen
themselves against
imperialism
• Egypt-planted cash crops
like cotton, built the Suez
canal
• Egypt also took over
territory like Syria and part
of Saudi Arabia
Suez Canal
Persia
• Known as Present • Western business
day Iran
(mostly Britain)
started drilling the
• Russia and Britain
oil
both interested in
taking Persia
• This started the
process of bringing
• ________
discovered in 1908 Western influence
into a Muslim
country
Imperialism in India
• European trade with Asia was heavy
even before the 19th century.
• By the 1600’s trading Companies were
set up in India- Dutch East India
Company.
• Through trade Britain expanded their
influence and gained control over India
by 1857.
• The British East India Company had
ruled parts of India and even had their
own army-Sepoys (Indian soldiers)
Imperialism in India cont…
• India became Britain’s Crown Jewel
providing Britain with raw materials and
a major market place to sell goods.
• India’s economy was undercut by the
British-they were forced to buy British
goods and competition with British
industries was not allowed.
• Due to all of the trade in India, the
British modernized certain parts of India
and built R.R. for better transportation.
Impact of Imperialism on India
Positive
Negative
Sepoy Mutiny
• By 1850, many Indians resented British rule,
control over land, racism and the attempt to
convert Indians to Christianity.
• Rumors spread that the English greased the
sepoy’s rifle cartridges with beef and pork
fat. (cows are sacred to Hindus and Muslims
do not eat pork)
• This rumor led to soldiers refusing to use the
cartridges and later an organized rebellion by
the sepoys.
Sepoy Mutiny cont…
• The British East India Co. took more than a
year to regain their control over India and
the British government sent troops to help.
• The rebellion was finally put down because
the Indian people could not unite-(conflicts
between the Hindus and Muslims created
division).
• Many Muslims would have rather been
under British rule than Hindu rule and vice
versa.
Result of the Mutiny
• The British government took control over
India
• Trust was broken between the British and
Indian people
• Britain ruled with tighter control and as a
result rebellion grew in India
• Two nationalist groups that developedIndian National Congress and the Muslim
League.
• You will hear more about these groups in
World B
Imperialism in China
• During 1500’s Chinese civilization was
advanced
• China had little interest to trade with Europe
• From 1500’s -1800’s China fell behind in
modernization and was surpassed by Europe.
• China became weak politically and
economically.
• China was now vulnerable to other countries
who wanted to come in and control trade
Imperialism in China
• Britain, Germany, Russia, France, and Japan
all held spheres of influence in China.
• Britain forced the Chinese to abide by Unequal treaties when China failed to defeat
Britain during the Opium Wars.
• Opium addiction resulted from British
merchants paying the Chinese for their goods
with opium rather than money. The Chinese
were no match for the British in this fight.
• Because China was weak, reform groups
rebelled in China to get a better
government,. replace the emperor, and
improve the Chinese economy.
Modernization of Japan
• Japan also shut themselves off from the
western world
• In 1835 Commodore Mathew Perry from
U.S. sailed to Japan and forced Japan to
open up trade
• Under the Meiji Era Japan industrialized and
modernized
• Japan became an imperial power instead of
being taken over.
• This will lead to Japan’s dominance before
Chinese Boxers
World History- last two weeks of trimester schedule
•
•
Monday
Tuesday
11/2/15
Cover Chapter
12 Sections 1
and 2
HW-Complete
sections 1 and
2 of study
guide
11/3/15
Cover Chapter
12 sections 3
and 4
HW-complete
section 3 of
the study
guide
•
•
11/9/15
•
•
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
11/4/15
11/5/15
11/6/15
•
•
11/10/15
Begin WWI
Chapter 14
Practice for
Final Exam on
Quizzlet
•
•
Continue
notes on WWI
Study guide
help/review
for final
Review
sections 1-3
and cover
chapter 12
section 4
HW-Complete
section 4 of
study guide
•
•
•
11/11/15
•
Wrap up WWI
Notes
• Study guide
help
*periods are
shortened due to
Veteran’s Day
Assembly*
Finish sections
4 and 5 of
Imperialism
Cover small
portion of CH.
13-1 on Japan
Finish the rest
of the study
guide for
Chapter 12
section 5
•
•
11/12/15
•
Finals for
periods 1,3,5
Test over
Imperialism
Chapter 12
After test,
begin reading
and notes on
Chapter 14
WWI.
11/13/15
•
Finals for
period 2 & 4
Note-I’m here everyday after school until 3:00 if you need help!