The Height of Imperialism
Southeast Asia
Africa
India
Latin America
Introduction to Imperialism
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What is “New Imperialism”?
How is it different?
What are the goals of Imperialism?
Social Darwinism/Racism
White Man’s Burden
Colonial Takeover in Southeast
Asia
• Great Britain
• Singapore
• Burma
• France
• Vietnam
• Indochina
• Thailand
• United States
• Philippines
Colonial Regimes in Southeast
Asia
• Indirect rule
• Dutch East India Company
• Direct Rule
• Burma
• Colonial Economies
• Imports/exports
• Plantations
• infrastructure
Resistance to Colonial Rule
• Resistance by the ruling class
• Burma (Vietnam)
• Peasant Revolts
• Burma- Saya San
• Nationalism
Empire Building in Africa
• West Africa
• Intense European
rivalries
• Slaves
• Peanuts, timber,
hides, palm oil
• North Africa
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Muhammad Ali
Suez Canal
Sudan
Morocco
Ethiopia
Empire Building in Africa
• Central Africa
• Livingston; Stanley
• King Leopold II
• East Africa
• German involvement
• Berlin Conference
• South Africa
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200,000 whites
Boers (Afrikaners)
Cecil Rhodes
Boer War
Colonial Rule in Africa
• Indirect rule
• Class/tribal conflict
• Maintained local traditions
• Direct Rule
• French
• Assimilation
Rise of African Nationalism
• Western educated- admire or resent the
West?
• Western hypocrisy
• Segregation/racism
• 20th century- native people began to
organize
British Rule in India
• Sepoy Mutiny
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Cow and pig fat greased ammo
Hindu/Muslim rivalries
Kanpur
Queen Victoria became Empress of India
Colonial Rule in India
• Benefits
• Order and stability
• Honest and efficient government
• School system established (but only for upper
class)
• Railroads, telegraph, postal service
• Costs
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Destroyed local industries
Farmers switched from food to cotton production
Treated as inferior
Disrespect shown for India’s cultural heritage
Indian Nationalist Movement
• Began with upper-class educated
• Indian National Congress- share in
governing
• Mohandas Gandhi- nonviolent
resistance
Colonial Indian Culture
• British colleges opened in India
• Publishing companies
• Rabindranath Tagore
• Writer, poet, social reformer, spiritual leader,
educator, philosopher, singer, painter
• Set up an international university
• Promoted pride in national Indian
consciousness
Nation Building in Latin America
• Creoles- had some power, but were
second-class citizens
• Peninsulares- held all the important
positions
• Mestizos- servants or laborers
• Napoleon’s defeat of Spain weakened
colonial control
• Haitian Revolt
Revolt in Mexico
• Miguel Hidalgo
• Organized local Native Americans and
mestizos to free themselves from the
Spanish
• Force was defeated and Hidalgo executed
• Creoles and peninsulares joined in the
revolt
• Independence in 1822
Revolts in South America
• Jose de San MartinArgentina
• Spaniards must be
removed from South
America
• Led a surprise attack
over the Andes into
Chile
• Simon BolivarVenezuela
• Led struggle for
independence in
Venezuela, New
Grenada (Columbia),
and Ecuador
•Monroe Doctrine- guaranteed the
independence of any new Latin American
country and warned against any European
intervention in the Americas
Difficulties of Nation Building
• Rule of the Caudillos
• Santa Anna
• Texas
• Mexican War
• Benito Juarez
• Separation of church and state
• Land distribution
• Educational system
• Economic Imperialism
• Persistent Inequality
Political Change in Latin America
• United States in Latin America
• Spanish War
• Puerto Rico/Cuba
• Panama
• American investments- forces sent to
Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Panama, Columbia, Haiti, and
the Dominican Republic
Revolution in Mexico
• Porfirio Diaz- ruled Mexico
• Wages declined
• 95% owned no land
• Diaz forced from power
• Emiliano Zepata- led a revolt against
the wealthy landowners
• 1917- new constitution
Economic Change in Latin
America
• Prosperity from exporting:
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Argentina- wheat and beef
Brazil- coffee
Central America- coffee and bananas
Peru- sugar and silver
• Began to build their own factories