 Army was ill prepared
 Supplemented by militias
 Canada
 Important battle ground
 British weakest there
 Americans not smart = offensive
 3 pronged invasion
 U.S. fort captured

Looked to the navy
 Skillfully handled
 Better gunners
 “Old Ironsides” The Constitution
 Thicker sides
 Heavier Firepower
 Larger crews
 Control of Great Lakes
 Oliver Hazard Perry
 Victory on lake Erie
 Captured a British fleet
 Infused new life into the Americans
 1814
 Americans grimly defending own soil
 Napoleon vanquished = Isle of Elba
 Americans faced it alone
 Redcoats pouring into Canada
 British prepare for an attack on N.Y.
 Using lake-river routes
 Lake Champlain waterway
 Thomas Macdonough
 Challenged the British = Sept. 11, 1814
 Plattsburgh
 Floating slaughterhouses
 Snatched victory
 British army forced to retreat
 Saved the union from dissolution
 August 1814
 4,000 redcoats = Chesapeake Bay
 Moving towards Washington
 6,000 militiamen dispersed
 Washington Burned
 Set fire to most public buildings = Capital
and White House
 Baltimore held strong
 Fort McHenry hit with cannon = Could not
capture the city
 Francis Scott Key
 Detained American
 Wrote “The Star Spangled Banner”
 January 1815
 Troops led by Andrew
 7,000
Jackson
 British launched frontal assault
 2,000 killed / wounded ½ hour
 U.S. victory
 70 casualties
 Before battle peace agreement already signed
 Treaty of Ghent --- Christmas eve 1814
Treaty of Ghent
Christmas Eve 1814
Armistice
Restore conquered territory
No mention of grievances
previously fought for
Virtual Draw
 6,000 killed / wounded
 Led to end of Federalist Party
 Sectionalism / Hartford Convention
 Growth of American industries = Manufacture products
 Confirmed the status of the U.S. / free and independent
nation
 Less dependent on Europe
 Canadian patriotism / nationalism
 Rush Bagot Agreement = 1817
 Limited naval armament on the lakes
 December 15, 1814
 Hartford Convention
 Federalist discontent
 Discuss grievances
 Compensation
 2/3 vote
 Massachusetts called for convention
 Embargo
 Hartford Connecticut
 New state admission
 Mass, Conn, R.I. = Full
delegations
 N.H. and Vermont = Partial
 26 men = 3 weeks
 War declared
 3/5 clause
 President = single term
 “Virginia Dynasty”
 Nationalism
 Most important by-product of War
 Emerged as one nation
 Writers to use American scenes
/ themes
 Nationalistic Spirit
 Revived Bank = 1816
 School textbooks / magazines
 “North American Review”
 Army expanded
 Capital restored
 1815
 Madison moves U.S. toward economic independence
 Establishing a protective tariff
 Manufacturing would flourish
 Re-chartering the National Bank
 Credit
 Development of transportation
 Steamboat
 Erie Canal = N.Y. 1825
 Madison / Clay
 James Monroe --- Elected in 1816
 Secretary of State
 John Quincy Adams
 Foreign policy = Nationalism
 National interest placed ahead of regional concerns
 Era of Good feeling?
 Tariff, bank, land, sectionalism
Over speculation in frontier lands
Deflation
depression / bankruptcies / bank
failures
Unemployment /soup kitchens
“Wildcat Banks”
Foreclosed mortgages
 1818
 Settlers in Missouri requested admission to the
Union
 Free State or Slave State?
 1820 -1821
 Missouri Compromise
 Series of agreements passed
 36˚30´ Line
 Henry Clay
 Expansion of territory
 Anglo-American Convention of 1818
 Fixed the U.S. border at the 49th parallel
 Michigan west to the Rocky Mountains
 Agreed to jointly occupy Oregon territory
with British
 10 years
 1818
 Americans believed Florida was destined to be theirs
 Jackson sweeps into Florida
 Seizes 2 Spanish posts
 St. Marks / Pensacola
 Florida Purchase Treaty 1819
 “Adams-Onis Treaty”
 Spain ceded Florida
 U.S. abandon claims in Texas
 Napoleon invaded Portugal and Spain
 Did not have money to maintain overseas
colonies
 Napoleon defeated in 1815
 Now wanted to reclaim their colonies
 Russians moving into Alaska
 Russo-American Treaty 1824
 Establishing posts in California
 1823
 President Monroe = Message to Congress
 European powers not to interfere in the Western




Hemisphere
Do not attempt to create new colonies
Do not try to over throw newly independent republics
The U.S. would consider actions dangerous to peace and
safety
U.S. would not involve itself in European affairs
 Principles known as = Monroe Doctrine
 Foundation for future U.S. foreign policy