Matter and Its Changes
notes
Material
State at room
temp.
Color
Density
(g/ml)
Reacts with
light
Gravel rock
Solid
Brown
2.8
No
Hydrogen
peroxide
Liquid
Colorless
1.4
Yes
Water
Liquid
Colorless
1.0
No
Aluminum
Solid
Shiny silver
2.7
No
Only write the question and answer. You do not have to draw the chart.
1. Which material has a density less than 1.3 grams per milliliter?
a. Gravel rock
b. Hydrogen peroxide c. Water
d. Aluminum
2. Which two substances are similar in their state at room temperature and their reaction
with light?
a. Aluminum and hydrogen peroxide
b. Water and hydrogen peroxide
c. Water and aluminum
d. Gravel rock and aluminum
Properties of matter- bellringer
Please draw and complete the following chart. Refer to chart at top of p. 84
in your text if needed.
Type of matter
Log (wood)
Pillow
Bowl of cookie dough
Book
Physical properties
Properties of matter-answer
Please draw and complete the following chart. Refer to chart at top of p. 84
in your text if needed. Answers below. Answers may vary.
Type of matter
Physical properties
Chemical properties
Log
Brown, round, might
have length, solid
Flammability
Pillow
Soft, might describe
color, size, solid
Flammability
Bowl of cookie dough
Color, gooey, chunks in
it, solid
Reacts with heat
Book
Might describe size,
rectangle, color, size
flammability
BELLRINGER- 11-17-08
You only have to copy and write question 2 but please answer both questions.
1. Mercury oxide is heated, undergoes a chemical reaction, and changes
into mercury and oxygen. The mercury oxide had a mass of 216 grams
before the reaction. After the reaction the mass of the mercury alone is
200 grams. According to the law of conservation of mass, what mass of
oxygen is there after the chemical reaction?
A
0 grams
B
16 grams
C
216 grams
D
200 grams
2. The metal titanium reacts less to oxygen than most metals do. This is a
________________.
A
chemical property
B
physical property
C
physical change
D
change of state of matter
Density
Sample
Mass
Volume
A
3.0 g
6.5cm
B
1.2g
1.1 cm
C
4.5 g
Density
0.88 g/ cm
Please write question and answer.
1.
Which state of matter is represented by the particles in
the jar labeled C?
A) liquid
B) plasma
C) solid
D) gas
2. If the material in the jars are all a form of H2O (or water),
which might be a temperature for jar B?
A) -5°C
B) 15°C
C) 105°C
D) 215°C
1. Which material could have a volume of 0.75 cm3 and a mass of 14.5 g?
A) aluminum (Al)
B) platinum (Pt)
C) tin (Sn)
D) gold (Au)
2. According to the chart below, which of these materials has a greater mass
for a volume of 100 cm3?
A) copper (Cu)
B) lead (Pb)
C) iron (Fe)
D) magnesium (Mg)
What is matter?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Yes or no
Air
Light
Noise
Sunlight
Person
Physical property
• Any characteristic of a material that can be
observed or measured without changing the
identity of the material
Make a foldable
“Physical properties”
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
8 slits
Mass – add this today
Volume – add this today
Density
Boiling point
Melting point
Color, shape, size
State of matter
Matter and Its Changes
Measurements
Bellringers 11/18/09
•
•
•
•
•
Please write the questions and correct answer
1. Which object would have the greatest mass?
A. Balloon
B. feather
C. baseball
D. pencil
•
•
•
•
•
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which object would have the least volume?
balloon
ring
baseball
pencil
Review
• During the previous classes, we learned about matter. Not
all things are classified as matter. Light, sound, and
emotions are not matter. Matter must have mass and take
up space.
• We have learned that matter can be described using
physical properties. Physical properties can be observed or
measured without changing the identity of the substance.
• We have briefly looked at how to obtain mass and volume
using instruments and tools. We learned that the volume
of an object can be obtained by either displacing water or
by measuring length times width times height.
Preview
• Today we will be relating how measurements are used
to describe matter. Measurements such as mass,
volume, and density are used to differentiate matter.
Measurements are physical properties.
• Hook: Students will be shown a beaker with three
different liquids. This will be shaken. Why do these
liquids separate into layers? The liquids have different
densities.
• Students will be shown two tennis balls which look the
same. However, they will realize that one is much
heavier than the other.
Mass and volume
• Mass – amount of material in an object
Use a scale (weight in grams)
• Volume – amount of space an object takes up Use
a ruler to find length x width x height in cm
Use a beaker to find out how much water is
displaced
• (ml or cc; cm³)
Density
• Density – the amount of mass per volume
• Formula
• Density = mass / volume OR d = m/v
Video clip
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterand
chemistry/measuringmatter/
• “Measuring matter”
Practice density
• BrainPOP graphic organizer and “Use the
formula” worksheet(s)
Model density
• 1. Obtain the mass on the scale
• 2. Determine how you will obtain the volume
Ask yourself: will it be by placing the object in
water OR by measuring length x width X height
Hands-on density practice
• Find the density of the rock
Formative assessment
•
•
•
•
•
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What is the correct formula to obtain density?
Mass / volume
Volume / mass
Density / volume
None of the above
•
•
•
•
2.
A.
B.
C.
What object would have the greatest density?
Balloon
Bowling ball
Kickball
• 3. What is the density of a ball that has a mass of 40 grams and a volume
of 10 cm³?
• A. 1 g / 4 cm³
• B. 1 cm³ / 4 g
• C. 4 g / cm³
BrainPOP: Measuring matter
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterand
chemistry/measuringmatter/
Metal properties
• Luster-does it shine?
• Malleability- can be hammered into thin
sheets
• Ductility- can be drawn into wire
• Magnetism- attracted to a magnet
Metal video
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterand
chemistry/metals/
• “Metals”
• Give examples of objects in the classroom and
not found in the classroom that have a
metallic luster
Bellringer- 11/30/09
• Match the following properties with their
descriptions:
• 1. luster
A. Wiring in a house
• 2. malleable
B. Paper clip picked up by
• 3. ductile
a magnet
• 4. magnetism
C. Aluminum foil is a thin
sheet
•
D. A shiny penny
Boiling point vs. Melting point
• Boiling point – temperature that a liquid boils to gas
Water = 100˚ C or above (212˚F)
• Melting point – temperature that a solid melts into a liquid
Water = 0˚ C or above (32 ˚F)
• Freezing point – temperature that a liquid freezes into a solid
Water = 0˚ C or below (32 ˚F)
• Each of these temps are different for different materials
Boiling and melting point
•
•
Worksheets go with following movie
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=CCAD037E-5E2D4AC3-9929-090E6277C929
•
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=EFEEEC91-C1CA440B-BDEF-E1772DE5C8E9&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=EFEEEC91-C1CA440B-BDEF-E1772DE5C8E9&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=ABCBCDEB-F64645A7-AA8A-53A0DCD5F66B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
“Melting and vaporization”
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=ABCBCDEB-F64645A7-AA8A-53A0DCD5F66B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
“Freezing and condensation”
•
•
•
•
•
Bellringer - write question and answer
1. When a balloon bursts, most of the air escapes and the
balloon shrinks. What happens to the balloon?
A) The volume of the balloon decreases.
B) The mass of the balloon increases.
C) The mass of the balloon decreases.
D) The volume of the balloon increases.
2. The melting point of lead is 327.5°C. Which of the following
could describe lead?
A) gas at 280°C
B) liquid at 310°C
C) solid at 380°C
D) solid at 310°C
Density-bellringer 12-1-09
Sample
Mass
Volume
A
15 g
5 cm
B
3g
3 cm
C
45 g
9 cm
Density
States of matter-examples
•
•
•
•
gas
Liquid
Solid
Plasma- highest temperature and energy
movement
Ex. lightning strikes, atmosphere, and
fluorescent bulbs
States of matter
• Draw each one below
• How would you describe each of these?
(Notice their differences)
• Infer which is solid, gas, and liquid
States of matter notes
fill out the chart with a description from below
•
•
•
•
Movement energy: lots, some, almost none
Shape and volume: no shape and volume; no; fixed
Particles: packed close; spread far apart; fairly close
Temperature: highest, lowest, between gas and solid
Movement
energy
solid
liquid
gas
Shape and
volume
particles temperature
States of matter notes
Movement
energy
Shape and
volume
particles temperature
solid
Almost
none
fixed
Packed
close
lowest
liquid
some
No shape
but fixed
volume
Fairly
close
Between gas
and solid
gas
lots
no
Spread
highest
far apart
BrainPOP: States of matter
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterand
chemistry/statesofmatter/
• “States of matter”
BrainPOP: Matter changing states
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterand
chemistry/matterchangingstates/
• “Matter changing states”
States of matter- activity
• http://www.collaborativelearning.org/statesof
matter.pdf
• Collecting cards
Using physical properties
• Create an “I spy” game to find different
objects in the classroom
• Use specific physical properties
Chemical properties
• Flammability
• Reacts to another substance (oxygen, water,
vinegar, etc. )
• Reacts to light, electricity, heat, etc.
Physical change
• The physical property may change BUT what
the substance is does not change
• http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/scie
nce9/chemistry/lesson8b.html
Chemical change
• http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/scie
nce9/chemistry/lesson8a.html
BrainPOP: Physical and chemical
changes
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterand
chemistry/propertychanges/
• “Property changes”
Compare physical and chemical
changes
Physical vs. chemical
• Physical change-Matter has changed shape,
form, or size
• Chemical change- one substance has changed
into another
Signs of a change
• Chemical-gas bubbles; production of heat,
light, or smoke; change in color, and sound
Lab activity: Evidence of chemical
change
•
•
•
•
Baking soda, calcium chloride, water
Cornstarch, water, iodine
Epsom salts, washing soda, and water
Copper penny, salt, and vinegar
• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cf
m?guidAssetId=B9606969-63C0-4A59-B94131FDA0602589&blnFromSearch=1&productco
de=US
• Physical Science Series: Properties of Matter
• A Segment of: Physical Science Series:
Properties of Matter
• http://www.miamisci.org/af/sln/phases/copp
erliquid.html
• webquest
Physical change
• The physical property may change BUT what
the substance it is does not change
Physical vs. chemical
• Physical change-Matter has changed shape,
form, or size
• Chemical change- one substance has changed
into another or a new substance is made; a
chemical reaction has occurred
Physical changes - examples
Chemical changes - examples
Physical vs. Chemical change station
activity
• Fill out worksheets
Lab activity: Determining volume
• Workbook p. 3
Law of conservation of mass
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterand
chemistry/conservationofmass/preview.weml
• “Law of conservation of mass”
Lab activity: Observing yeast
• p. 4
• Yeast, warm water, sugar
Lab activity: Density-Liquid layers
• p. 5
Lab activity: Density of solids
• p. 9