Biology Benchmark 1 study guide
Name:
Period:
1. Define hypertonic solution:
2. Define hypotonic solution:
3. Define isotonic solution:
4. What will happen to a cell if you put it into a hypertonic solution (salt water)? Draw a picture and use an arrow to
show which direction water will move.
Explanation:
Drawing:
5. What will happen to a cell if you put it into a hypotonic solution (distilled water)? Draw a picture and use an arrow to
show which direction water will move.
Explanation:
Drawing:
6. What will happen to a cell if you put it into an isotonic solution? Draw a picture and use an arrow to show which
direction water will move.
Explanation:
Drawing:
7. Describe the location of each structure and its function:
Structure
location
plasma (cell) membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
Golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome
mitocondrion
Chloroplast (plant cell)
cell wall (plant cell)
central vacuole (plant cell)
function
8. Compare and contrast rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (include structure and
function):
9. Draw a phospholipid bilayer, label the phosphate heads, fatty acid tails, polar region, nonpolar region and proteins.
10. Describe the function of the phospholipid bylayer of the plasma membrane (cell membrane):
11. What does the term semi-permeable or selectively permeable mean in reference to the cell membrane?
12. Define prokaryotic cell-
13. Define eukaryotic cell-
14. Compare and contrast eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells and viruses. ( you can use a Venn diagram if you would like).
15. Define diffusion:
16. Define osmosis:
17. Compare and contrast diffusion and osmosis:
18. What is an enzyme? What is the function of an enzyme?
19. What happens to an enzyme in the presence of an Acid (low pH)?
20. What happens to an enzyme in the presence of heat (high temperatures)?
21. What happens to an enzyme in the presence of heat (low temperatures)?
22. Define photosynthesis:
23. Photosynthesis happens in which organelle?
24. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis:
25. What are the reactants for photosynthesis (hint: what does a plant need to do photosynthesis)?
26. What are the products of photosynthesis (hint: what does a plant make as a result of photosynthesis)?
27. All living organisms have this element ____________________, this is why they are called organic.
28. Define carbohydrate:
29. Define protein:
30. What are the monomers (subunits) of proteins?
31. Define lipid:
32. Define nucleic acid:
33. What is the function of a nucleic acid?
34. Give two examples of nucleic acids:
35. During diffusion, molecules move from areas of ______________ concentration to areas
of ______________ concentration.